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Sigma-Aldrich

1 M Biphenyl in THF

a precursor solution to prepare the prelithiation/presodiation reagent for disordered carbon, SiO, Sn, Sb, P, and S electrodes

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C12H10
Molecular Weight:
154.21
MDL number:
MFCD00003054
UNSPSC Code:
12352401
NACRES:
NA.23

Quality Level

100

form

liquid

concentration

1 M

impurities

≤1000 ppm H2O

application(s)

battery manufacturing

storage temp.

2-8°C

Application

This product is biphenyl (Bp) solution in anhydrous THF (1 mol/L) is a precursor reagent that could be easily handled to prepare prelithiation or presodiation reagent. By direct reaction of Li metal, it forms a strong reducing reagent of Li-Bp. The resulting Li-Bp/THF reagent has the redox potential of 0.41 V vs. Li/Li+, which is applicable to prelithiate most of the active materials for Li ion batteries, such as Sn, Sb, P, S, SiO and other metal oxide. On the other hand, a presodiation reagent can be prepared by reacting Bp/THF solution with Na metal. Na-Bp/THF reagent can be used to presodiate hard carbon, a promising anode material in Na ion batteries.

Preparation Note

Suggested Directions for use:
  • Step 1 Preparation of Prelithiation/presodiation reagent
Before use of Li metal, scrub the lithium surface to remove oxide and nitride layers.
To prepare 1 M Li-Bp/THF reagent, > 0.07 g of Li metal is added into every 10 ml of 1 M BP/THF solution
To prepare 1 M Na-Bp/THF reagent, > 0.23 g of Na metal is added into every 10 ml of 1 M BP/THF solution
  • Step 2 Prelithiation/presodiation of electrodes
For a 1 cm diameter electrode with 1-3 mg acitve material per cm2, soak (10-60 min, times will vary with material) the electrode in ∼0.5-1 mL of prelithiation/presodiation reagent. Discard the solution and then wash the electrode twice with THF. Longer prelithiation/presodiation time may cause electrode structure deformation, leading to a decreased discharge/charge capacity.

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Aquatic Chronic 2 - Carc. 2 - Eye Irrit. 2 - Flam. Liq. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2 - STOT SE 3

Target Organs

Central nervous system, Respiratory system

Supplementary Hazards

EUH018,EUH019

Storage Class Code

3 - Flammable liquids

WGK

WGK 2

Flash Point(F)

1.4 °F

Flash Point(C)

-17 °C

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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High performance lithium-ion and lithium−sulfur batteries using prelithiated phosphorus/carbon composite anode..
Wang F, et al.
Energy Storage Materials, 24, 147-152 (2020)
Gongwei Wang et al.
ACS applied materials & interfaces, 11(9), 8699-8703 (2019-02-20)
This study reports an ambient-air-tolerant approach for negative electrode prelithiation by using 1 M lithium-biphenyl (Li-Bp)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution as the prelithiation reagent. Key to this strategy are the relatively stable nature of 1 M Li-Bp/THF in ambient air and the

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