Journal of oral rehabilitation, 39(12), 931-940 (2012-09-22)
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three cryotherapeutic modalities (ethyl chloride spraying, ice block rubbing and cold gel packing) on facial skin temperature. Thirty healthy volunteers (15 men, 15 women; mean age, 29·4 ± 3·2 years) participated in
Current opinion in biotechnology, 22(3), 415-421 (2011-03-08)
Because of a range of different industrial activities, sites contaminated with chloroethenes are a world-wide problem. Chloroethenes can be biodegraded by reductive dechlorination under anaerobic conditions as well as by oxidation under aerobic conditions. The tendency of chloroethenes to undergo
The Clinical journal of pain, 25(6), 490-494 (2009-06-23)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vapocoolant for preschoolers' immunization injection pain relief. Fifty-seven 4 to 6-year-old children were randomized into vapocoolant alone or typical care conditions. Pain was measured at the baseline and at
Charles Robson (Figure 1) was born in New Westminster, British Columbia (now a suburb of Vancouver), in 1884 and graduated in medicine from McGill University in Montreal in 1913. Having interned and with some anesthesia training at the Royal Victoria
Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery, 13(5), 253-256 (2009-09-23)
Botulinum toxin injections are effective in the treatment of palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis, but discomfort has limited its use. To study the use of ethyl chloride medium-stream spray in reducing injection discomfort. We used ethyl chloride medium-stream spray, in conjunction
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