FMC is a monofluorinated choline that acts as a nonlethal, mechanism-based irreversible inhibtor (pseudosubstrate-based suicide inhibitor) against gut anaerobic bacterial glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) cutC choline trimethylamine (TMA) lyase-catalyzed TMA production from choline (IC50 = 0.9 nM/P. mirabilis & 1.4 nM/D. alaskensis rec. CutC/D) without affecting the bacterial growth (P. mirabilis, E. fergusonii, and P. penneri). A single FMC oral dose (100 mg/kg) to mice on choline-supplemented diet significantly reduces plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) level (up to 3 days) as well as diet-induced platelet responsiveness and thrombus formation without toxicity or increased bleeding risk.
Orally active gut bacterial choline trimethylamine (TMA) lyase cutC inhibtor with TMA- & TMA N-oxide (TMAO)-lowering efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite that enhances both platelet responsiveness and in vivo thrombosis potential in animal models, and TMAO plasma levels predict incident atherothrombotic event risks in human clinical studies. TMAO is formed by gut microbe-dependent
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