Multiplex Inflammation Signaling | MILLIPLEX^® Assays

• T Cell Signaling 
  
• Th Cell Differentiation and Signaling 
• Inflammatory Response Signaling 
• Sepsis Signaling 
• Multiplexing the Inflammation Pathway
• Related Products

How do intracellular signaling networks regulate the development, maturation, and function of immune cells mediating the inflammatory responses that are linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, obesity, diabetes, sepsis, and other disease states? Since no single biomarker can provide conclusive information on the role of inflammation in the initiation and progression of disease states, multiplex assays enable the measurement of multiple relevant circulating or intracellular biomarkers in a single, small sample. Read on to see how multiplexing the inflammation signaling pathway with inflammation assays and cell signaling assays can help researchers bridge the gap between immunology and cell signaling.

T Cell Signaling

Infection or invasion of pathogens such as bacteria activates macrophages which starts the signaling of T cells. When helper T cells (Th cells) become activated, they can go on to activate B cells which eventually stimulates antibody production (Figure 1).

They also stimulate pathways of various cytokines such as IL-8, IL-6, TNFα, and RANTES, to activate neutrophils and other cells involved in inflammation and apoptosis (Table 1). 

Th Cell Differentiation and Signaling

Activated Th cells also lead to the differentiation of Th cells into Th1, Th2, Treg, and Th17 cells. This involves signaling between IL-12, IL-4, TGFβ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-21, IL-23, and STAT and SMADS proteins (Figure 2).

The actions of these helper T cells are described in Table 2.

Inflammatory Response Signaling

Cytokines and other proteins involved in macrophage signaling can lead to the inflammatory response and apoptosis. Specifically, the inflammatory response pathway involves stimulation of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα, MIP1α, MIP1β, and RANTES (Figure 3).

Sepsis Signaling

Inflammation also relates to the sepsis pathway which is stimulated by increased IL-6, Lactotransferrin, MIF, MMP-8, Resistin, and C5a activation. Sepsis is a serious condition that involves hypotension and hypoxia. Neutrophil activation can eventually lead to tissue injury and multiple organ failure (Figure 4).

Multiplexing the Inflammation Pathway

Multiplexing allows researchers to look at all parts of the inflammation pathway while saving time and precious samples. With numerous biomarkers to measure, multiplex assays can bridge the gap between the immunology and cell signaling parts of the inflammation pathway. For example, our MILLIPLEX^® multiplex panels offer an extensive list of multiplex inflammation assays and cell signaling assays that can investigate various aspects of inflammation signaling.

Related Products

Explore our MILLIPLEX^® multiplex inflammation assays and cell signaling assays that can analyze the inflammation signaling pathway.

Cytokine Analysis

Th17 Cell Analysis

CD8+ Cell Analysis

Sepsis Analysis

TGFβ Analysis

STAT Phosphoprotein Analysis

NFκB Pathway Analysis

Multi-Pathway Analysis

Apoptosis Analysis

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.