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The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders.

The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders.

The Lancet. Neurology (2014-09-19)

Roberta J Ward, Fabio A Zucca, Jeff H Duyn, Robert R Crichton, Luigi Zecca

ABSTRACT

In the CNS, iron in several proteins is involved in many important processes such as oxygen transportation, oxidative phosphorylation, myelin production, and the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Abnormal iron homoeostasis can induce cellular damage through hydroxyl radical production, which can cause the oxidation and modification of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. During ageing, different iron complexes accumulate in brain regions associated with motor and cognitive impairment. In various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, changes in iron homoeostasis result in altered cellular iron distribution and accumulation. MRI can often identify these changes, thus providing a potential diagnostic biomarker of neurodegenerative diseases. An important avenue to reduce iron accumulation is the use of iron chelators that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, penetrate cells, and reduce excessive iron accumulation, thereby affording neuroprotection.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Carbonyl iron, ≥97% Fe basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, ≥99%, reduced, powder (fine)

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, granular, 10-40 mesh, >99.99% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, powder, <10 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Iron, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.85%

Iron, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.15μm, specific density 176.7μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99+%

Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 19mm, as drawn, soft ingot 99.8%

Iron, rod, 1000mm, diameter 19mm, as drawn, soft ingot 99.8%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.038mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.001mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.075mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, rod, 1000mm, diameter 9.5mm, as drawn, soft ingot 99.8+%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.9mm, as rolled, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.85%

Iron, rod, 200mm, diameter 6.35mm, as drawn, soft ingot 99.8%

Iron, rod, 150mm, diameter 6.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, as drawn, 98+%

Iron, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.038mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.003mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.99+%