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  • The use of inverse gas chromatography for the study of lactose and pharmaceutical materials used in dry powder inhalers.

The use of inverse gas chromatography for the study of lactose and pharmaceutical materials used in dry powder inhalers.

Advanced drug delivery reviews (2012-01-24)
Matthew D Jones, Paul Young, Daniela Traini
ABSTRACT

Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is a sensitive technique for the measurement of powder surface properties, especially surface energetics. Given the importance of these characteristics to the performance of dry powder inhaler formulations (DPIs), it is unsurprising that IGC has been applied to the study of these systems. Monitoring batch-to-batch variation and the effects of processing steps are established uses of IGC in this field and the relevant studies are discussed. A less established use of IGC is for the prediction of DPI performance. Although some groups have found a negative relationship between the dispersive surface energy of one formulation component and fine particle delivery, such studies often have a number of limitations. More complex approaches have failed to produce consistent results. Further, more carefully designed, studies are required in this area. In the final section of this article, some areas for on-going research are discussed, including the need to critically assess the best method for the calculation of the specific free energy of adsorption with pharmaceutical materials.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

USP
Anhydrous lactose, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
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SKUPack SizeAvailabilityPriceQuantity
100 mL
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$19.70
500 mL
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$52.90
1 L
Estimated to ship on February 20, 2025
$107.00
6 x 1 L
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$248.00
6 x 500 mL
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$282.00
24 x 500 mL
Estimated to ship on March 17, 2025
$498.00
Sigma-Aldrich
Lactose, tested according to Ph. Eur.
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SKUPack SizeAvailabilityPriceQuantity
100 mL
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$19.70
500 mL
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$52.90
1 L
Estimated to ship on February 20, 2025
$107.00
6 x 1 L
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$248.00
6 x 500 mL
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$282.00
24 x 500 mL
Estimated to ship on March 17, 2025
$498.00
Supelco
Lactose, Anhydrous, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
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SKUPack SizeAvailabilityPriceQuantity
100 mL
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$19.70
500 mL
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$52.90
1 L
Estimated to ship on February 20, 2025
$107.00
6 x 1 L
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$248.00
6 x 500 mL
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$282.00
24 x 500 mL
Estimated to ship on March 17, 2025
$498.00
Lactose (anhydrous), European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sign Into View Organizational & Contract Pricing
SKUPack SizeAvailabilityPriceQuantity
100 mL
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$19.70
500 mL
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$52.90
1 L
Estimated to ship on February 20, 2025
$107.00
6 x 1 L
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$248.00
6 x 500 mL
Estimated to ship on February 14, 2025
$282.00
24 x 500 mL
Estimated to ship on March 17, 2025
$498.00