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Chemical composition and binary mixture of human urinary stones using FT-Raman spectroscopy method.

Chemical composition and binary mixture of human urinary stones using FT-Raman spectroscopy method.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy (2013-07-03)

R Selvaraju, A Raja, G Thiruppathi

ABSTRACT

In the present study the human urinary stones were observed in their different chemical compositions of calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, calcium phosphate, struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), uric acid, cystine, oxammite (ammonium oxalate monohydrate), natroxalate (sodium oxalate), glushinkite (magnesium oxalate dihydrate) and moolooite (copper oxalate) were analyzed using Fourier Transform-Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy. For the quantitative analysis, various human urinary stone samples are used for ratios calculation of binary mixtures compositions such as COM/COD, HAP/COD, HAP/COD, Uric acid/COM, uric acid/COD and uric acid/HAP. The calibration curve is used for further analysis of binary mixture of human urinary stones. For the binary mixture calculation the various intensities bands at 1462 cm(-1) (I(COM)), 1473 cm(-1) (I(COD)), 961 cm(-1) (I(HAP)) and 1282 cm(-1) (I(UA)) were used.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydroxyapatite, reagent grade, powder, synthetic

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydroxyapatite, synthetic, 99.8% trace metals basis (excludes Mg)

SAFC

L-Cystine

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Cystine, ≥99.7% (TLC)

Sigma-Aldrich

Oxalic acid, puriss. p.a., anhydrous, ≥99.0% (RT)

Sigma-Aldrich

Oxalic acid, 98%

Sigma-Aldrich

Oxalic acid, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydroxyapatite, nanopowder, <200 nm particle size (BET), ≥97%, synthetic

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Cystine, from non-animal source, meets EP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-101.0%

Sigma-Aldrich

Calcium phosphate tribasic, 34.0-40.0% Ca basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Calcium phosphate tribasic, suitable for plant cell culture, BioReagent, powder

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Cystine, ≥98% (TLC), crystalline

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydroxyapatite, nanopowder, <200 nm particle size (BET), contains 5 wt. % silica as dopant, synthetic

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Cystine, produced by Wacker Chemie AG, Burghausen, Germany, ≥98.5%

Supelco

Oxalic acid concentrate, 0.1 M (COOH)₂ (0.2N), eluent concentrate for IC

Sigma-Aldrich

Oxalic acid, purified grade, 99.999% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Oxalic acid, SAJ first grade, ≥97.0%

Supelco

L-Cystine, certified reference material, TraceCERT^®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland

Sigma-Aldrich

Oxalic acid solution, 0.05 M

Sigma-Aldrich

Oxalic acid solution, 0.5 M

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydroxyapatite, nanoparticles, dispersion, 10 wt. % in H₂O, <200 nm particle size (BET)

Cystine, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard

Sigma-Aldrich

Sodium oxalate solution, 5 mM

Sigma-Aldrich

Sodium oxalate solution, 0.0125 M

Supelco

Sodium oxalate, reference material for titrimetry, certified by BAM, >99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Sodium oxalate, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Sodium oxalate, BioXtra

Sigma-Aldrich

Sodium oxalate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, ≥99.5% (RT)

Sigma-Aldrich

Sodium oxalate, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%