Long-term phenol, cresols and BTEX monitoring in urban air.

Long-term phenol, cresols and BTEX monitoring in urban air.

Environmental monitoring and assessment (2009-04-04)

Alberto Sturaro, Rocco Rella, Giorgio Parvoli, Daniela Ferrara

PMID19343513

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the results of a long-term monitoring of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), phenol and cresols in the air of Padua during a wide period of the year 2007 using two radial passive samplers (Radiello system) equipped with BTEX- and phenol-specific cartridges. Two sites were monitored, one in the industrial area and one close to the town centre. Relevant pollution episodes have been observed during both the winter and summer periods. Benzene, together with toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes showed their maximum concentrations during the winter season, but the secondary pollutant phenol was higher than benzene for a large period of the year when the meteorological conditions blocked the pollutants in the lower layers of the atmosphere and solar radiation increased the benzene photo-oxidation process.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

RAD174

radiello^™ Filtration Kit, pk of 20

RAD120

radiello^™ Diffusive Bodies, white, configured for general use, pk of 20

RAD405

Supelco

radiello^™ BTEX Calibration Kit (CS₂ Desorption)

RAD171

Supelco

radiello^™ Methylene Blue Calibration Standard for H₂S (Hydrogen Sulfide), pkg of 100 mL

RAD1202

radiello^™ Diffusive Bodies, yellow, configured for reduced sampling rates, pk of 20

RAD1201

radiello^™ Diffusive Bodies, blue, configured for sampling light sensitive compounds, pk of 20

RAD130S

radiello^™ BTEX/VOC Starter Kit, CS2 Desorption

RAD1992

radiello^™ Empty Storage Tubes, polypropylene (with stopper), volume 12 mL, pk of 100

RAD126

radiello^™ On-Field Thermometer, Includes one standard Radiello vertical adapter (RAD122) for each thermometer, configured for standard use, pk of 3

RAD145S

radiello^™ BTEX/VOC Starter Kit, Thermal Desorption

RAD141S

radiello^™ 1,3-Butadiene Starter Kit, Thermal Desorption, pkg of 1 kit (2 RAD141 adsorbing cartridges and barcode labels, 1 RAD1202 yellow diffusive body, 1 RAD121 triangular support plate, 1 instruction sheet)

RAD1991

radiello^™ Empty Storage Tubes, glass (with stopper), volume 2.8 mL, pk of 100

RAD127

radiello^™ On-Field Thermometer, Reader, pk of 1

RAD1203

radiello^™ Diffusive Bodies, permeative, configured for anaesthetic gases and vapors, pk of 20

RAD407

Supelco

radiello^™ BTEX Calibration Kit (Thermal Desorption)

RAD195

radiello^™ Clips, suspending Radiello triangular support plate, pk of 20

RAD170S

radiello^™ Hydrogen Sulfide Starter Kit

RAD121

radiello^™ Triangular Support Plate, pk of 20

RAD145

radiello^™ Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling BTEX and VOCs (thermal desorption), matrix SS net (3 x 8 μm, 4.8 mm diam.), Carbograph, pk of 20

RAD165

radiello^™ Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling Aldehydes, matrix SS net with 2,4-DNPH coated FLORISIL^®, pk of 20

RAD130

radiello^™ Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling BTEX and VOCs (CS₂ Desorption), matrix SS net (100 mesh, 5.8 mm diam.), activated with activated charcoal (30-50 mesh), pk of 20

RAD132

radiello^™ Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling Anaesthetic Gases/Vapors, matrix SS net with mix of mol sieve and activated charcoal (30-50 mesh), pk of 20

RAD196

radiello^™ Outdoor Shelter, pk of 10

RAD198

radiello^™ Replacement Mounting Strips, for use with Radiello Outdoor Shelter, pk of 100

RAD190

radiello^™ Barcode Labels, pk of 198

RAD125

radiello^™ Anesthetic Gases and Vapor Sampler

RAD168

radiello^™ Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling Ammonia (NH₃), matrix microporous PE impregnated with phosphoric acid, pk of 20

05-6450

Sigma-Aldrich

Cresol mixture of isomers, CP

03869

Sigma-Aldrich

Cresol mixture of isomers, technical, crude, ~85% (sum of isomers, GC)

RAD122

radiello^™ Vertical Adapter, threaded for standard use, pk of 20