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S9652

Sigma-Aldrich

Safrole

≥97%

Synonym(s):

4-Allyl-1,2-methylenedioxybenzene, 5-Allyl-1,3-benzodioxole

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C10H10O2
CAS Number:
94-59-7
Molecular Weight:
162.19
Beilstein/REAXYS Number:
136380
EC Number:
202-345-4
MDL number:
MFCD00005841
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
24899851
NACRES:
NA.25

vapor pressure

1 mmHg ( 63.8 °C)

Quality Level

200

assay

≥97%

color

yellow

refractive index

n20/D 1.537 (lit.)

bp

232-234 °C (lit.)

mp

11.2 °C (lit.)

density

1.095 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

application(s)

metabolomics
vitamins, nutraceuticals, and natural products

SMILES string

C=CCc1ccc2OCOc2c1

InChI

1S/C10H10O2/c1-2-3-8-4-5-9-10(6-8)12-7-11-9/h2,4-6H,1,3,7H2

Inchi Key

ZMQAAUBTXCXRIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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General description

Safrole is used as a counter irritant and for treating parasitic infections.

Application

Safrole has been used to investigate the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) in conferring cisplatin resistance to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Biochem/physiol Actions

Safrole is one of the vital food‐borne phytotoxins. It is present in various natural products such as spices including anise, basil, nutmeg and pepper. It exhibits cytotoxic effect in human tongue squamous carcinoma SCC‐4 cells by promoting apoptosis via mitochondria‐ and caspase‐dependent signal pathways.
Safrole is a naturally-occurring genotoxic compound found in Sassafras root and Areca (betel) quid. It is a hepatocarcinogen, and safrole-DNA adducts have also been seen in oral cancers of Areca users. Metabolites of safrole form adducts with DNA and induce chromasomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges.

Other Notes

Principal constituent of sassafras oil

Pictograms

Health hazardExclamation mark
GHS08,GHS07

signalword

Danger

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Carc. 1B - Muta. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2

Storage Class

6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects

wgk_germany

WGK 3

flash_point_f

212.0 °F - closed cup

flash_point_c

100 °C - closed cup

ppe

Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Chapter 3-Families of compounds that occur in essential oils
Essential Chemistry for Aromatherapy, 41-77 (2008)
Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with a novel small molecule inhibitor
Kim J, et al.
Oncotarget, 8(32), 52345-52345 (2017)
Safrole induces cell death in human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells through mitochondria-dependent caspase activation cascade apoptotic signaling pathways
FS Yu, et al.
Environmental Toxicology, 27(7), 433-444 (2012)
Naoki Shinohara et al.
ChemMedChem, 7(10), 1770-1773 (2012-04-11)
Chemical point mutation: Polytheonamide B is a naturally occurring polypeptide containing 48 amino acids. It both displays potent cytotoxicity and acts as a monovalent cation channel in vitro. Chemoselective methods to modify the 44th, N-, and C-terminal residues of the
Erryana Martati et al.
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 128(2), 301-316 (2012-05-17)
A physiologically based biokinetic (PBBK) model for the alkenylbenzene safrole in humans was developed based on in vitro- and in silico-derived kinetic parameters. With the model obtained, the time- and dose-dependent formation of the proximate and ultimate carcinogenic metabolites, 1-hydroxysafrole
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