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Sigma-Aldrich

Histamine dihydrochloride

≥99.0% (AT), powder or crystals, endogenous histamine receptor agonist

Synonym(s):

2-(4-Imidazolyl)ethylamine dihydrochloride

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C5H9N3 · 2HCl
CAS Number:
56-92-8
Molecular Weight:
184.07
Beilstein:
3624116
EC Number:
200-298-4
MDL number:
MFCD00012703
UNSPSC Code:
12352116
eCl@ss:
32160406
PubChem Substance ID:
329757931
NACRES:
NA.77

product name

Histamine dihydrochloride, ≥99.0% (AT)

Assay

≥99.0% (AT)

form

powder or crystals

ign. residue

≤0.2%

loss

≤0.2% loss on drying, 20 °C (HV)

mp

244-247 °C
249-252 °C (lit.)

solubility

H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless

anion traces

sulfate (SO42-): ≤200 ppm

cation traces

Ca: ≤10 mg/kg
Cd: ≤5 mg/kg
Co: ≤5 mg/kg
Cr: ≤5 mg/kg
Cu: ≤5 mg/kg
Fe: ≤5 mg/kg
K: ≤50 mg/kg
Mg: ≤5 mg/kg
Mn: ≤5 mg/kg
Na: ≤50 mg/kg
Ni: ≤5 mg/kg
Pb: ≤5 mg/kg
Zn: ≤5 mg/kg

SMILES string

Cl[H].Cl[H].NCCc1c[nH]cn1

InChI

1S/C5H9N3.2ClH/c6-2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5;;/h3-4H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8);2*1H

InChI key

PPZMYIBUHIPZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Gene Information

human ... HRH1(3269)

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General description

Histamine is a hydrophilic amine derived from the decarboxylation of histidine by the enzyme L-histidine decarboxylase. Histamine has been shown to play a role in many physiological processes such as gastric secretion, neurotransmission, immune response, vasodialation, and inflammation. Additionally, studies have reported a role for histamine dihydrochloride with interleukin-2 (IL-2) in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and in protection against alcohol-induced liver injury in rats.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Histamine dihydrochloride has been shown to activate nitric oxide synthetase and suppress or inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of ROS by histamine dihydrochloride allows activation of T cells and NK cells by IL-2. In a rat model, histamine dihydrochloride suppressed ROS generated by Kupffer cells through the H2 histamine receptor.

Other Notes

Substrate for the assay of histamine-N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.8); Ion-pair extraction of histamine from biological fluids for its determination by HPLC with fluorescence detection

Pictograms

Health hazardExclamation mark
GHS08,GHS07

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H315,H317,H319,H334,H335

Hazard Classifications

Eye Irrit. 2 - Resp. Sens. 1 - Skin Irrit. 2 - Skin Sens. 1 - STOT SE 3

Target Organs

Respiratory system

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 2

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Stephen C Hornyak et al.
Inflammation, 27(5), 317-327 (2003-11-26)
Inflammation of the liver may be caused by a variety of factors that include infectious agents and toxins. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the NADPH oxidase in Kupffer cells and infiltrating leukocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis
Yogesh Dahiya et al.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 39(40), 7934-7946 (2019-08-16)
Memory formation is crucial for the survival of animals. Here, we study the effect of different crh-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of mammalian cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1)] isoforms on the ability of C. elegans to form long-term memory
Matthias Weiss-Tessbach et al.
Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 72(10-11), 2013-2022 (2023-10-09)
To test whether recombinant human diamine oxidase (rhDAO) with a mutated heparin-binding motif (mHBM), which shows an increased alpha-distribution half-life, prevents histamine-induced hemodynamic effects. Thirty-eight female guinea pigs were either pretreated with rhDOA_mHBM or buffer. Guinea pigs received a continuous
Lily P H Yang et al.
Drugs & aging, 28(4), 325-329 (2011-03-25)
Histamine dihydrochloride (Ceplene®) is a synthetic derivative of the biogenic amine histamine. Histamine dihydrochloride inhibits the formation of reactive oxygen species that suppress the activation of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. When given in addition to the cytokine
D Tsikas et al.
Journal of chromatography, 614(1), 37-41 (1993-04-21)
A procedure for the selective ion-pair extraction of histamine from various biological fluids and tissues by using the ion-pairing agent bis(2-ethylhexyl)hydrogen-phosphoric acid has been developed. This procedure enabled routine determination of histamine in plasma, urine and tissue samples of humans
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