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  • Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Crude Extracts of Raw and Fermented Tomato Pomace and Their Correlations with Aglycate-Polyphenols.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Crude Extracts of Raw and Fermented Tomato Pomace and Their Correlations with Aglycate-Polyphenols.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (2020-02-27)
Parisa Abbasi-Parizad, Patrizia De Nisi, Fabrizio Adani, Tommy Pepé Sciarria, Pietro Squillace, Alessio Scarafoni, Stefania Iametti, Barbara Scaglia
ABSTRACT

Two tomato pomace (TP) were studied as feedstocks to obtain extracts that are rich in polyphenols. TPs prompt degradation impairs biomass safety, thus naturally present microflora were tested to perform conservation, and own lactic bacteria became predominant after 60 days of treatment. The extracts of TPs and TPs fermented (TPF) were chemically characterized and tested for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Flavonoids and phenolic acids were classed as aglycone-polyphenols (A-PP), the most bioactive polyphenol fraction. Fermentation led to a reduction of the A-PP amount, but no significant change in composition. Antioxidant power increased, despite the A-PP reduction, for the presence of fermentation metabolites having aromatic-substituent. TP and TPF both have anti-inflammatory properties that were strictly dependent upon the A-PP content. Fermentation preserved the anti-inflammatory activity and the Partial Least Square (PLS) identified as the most active molecules naringenin chalcone, kaempferol, gallic acid, and cinnamic acid, together with the definition of the active dose.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Vanillic acid, purum, ≥97.0% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Kaempferol, ≥90% (HPLC), powder
Sigma-Aldrich
p-Coumaric acid, ≥98.0% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Sinapic acid, ≥98%, powder
Sigma-Aldrich
Quercetin, ≥95% (HPLC), solid
Supelco
Apigenin, analytical standard
Supelco
(±)-Naringenin, analytical standard
Naringenin chalcon, phyproof® Reference Substance
Sigma-Aldrich
Thiophene-2, ≥98% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%
Sigma-Aldrich
trans-Cinnamic acid, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
(±)-6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid, 97%
Sigma-Aldrich
Gallic acid, 97.5-102.5% (titration)
Sigma-Aldrich
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
Sigma-Aldrich
Caffeic acid, ≥98.0% (HPLC)
Supelco
Ascorbic Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Supelco
Myricetin, analytical standard
Supelco
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, mixture of isomers, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, suitable for HPLC, gradient grade, ≥99.9%