C2867
Cytochrome c from equine heart
BioUltra, ≥99% (SDS-PAGE), powder, suitable for mammalian cell culture
Synonym(s):
CYC, CytC, Cytochrome c from horse heart
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About This Item
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biological source
horse heart
product line
BioUltra
assay
≥99% (SDS-PAGE)
form
powder
mol wt
12,384
storage condition
(Tightly closed Dry)
technique(s)
cell culture | mammalian: suitable
solubility
water: 10 mg/mL, dark red-brown
UniProt accession no.
storage temp.
−20°C
Gene Information
horse ... CYCS(100053958)
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General description
Cytochrome C (Cyt C) is a nuclear DNA-encoded protein. It is derived from its precursor apo-cytochrome c and moves across the outer membrane of the mitochondria.
Research area: Apoptosis
Research area: Apoptosis
Application
Cytochrome c from equine heart has been used to prepare a stock solution for synthesizing and calibrating biotinylated cytochrome c. It has also been used as a component of the reaction buffer to stain electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV and determine its activity using blue-native gel electrophoresis.
The specific sites and extent of oxidation in horse cytochrome c treated with H2O2 and UV were characterized. It was suggested that the state of these sites could be used as a biomarker for the oxidative environment in a cell.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Cytochrome C (Cyt C) acts as a potent signaling molecule of apoptosis by activating caspase 3, a death protease. It plays a role in heme-binding with the help of cytochrome c heme lyase which facilitates its release into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Cyt C also exhibits lipid-binding by interacting with cardiolipin, a phospholipid that initiates protein unfolding and activates the peroxidase function in Cyt C.
Cytochrome c is primarily known as an electron-carrying mitochondrial protein. The transition of cytochrome c between the ferrous and ferric states within the cell makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter and it plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. It is generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, forming an essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen
Preparation Note
A further purification of C2506
Prepared using TCA.
Other Notes
View more information on cytochrome c and electron transport at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.
Storage Class
11 - Combustible Solids
wgk_germany
WGK 3
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
ppe
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
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Yuning Hong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(45), 18713-18723 (2012-10-17)
Interactions of cytochrome c (cyt c) with cardiolipin (CL) partially unfold the protein, activating its peroxidase function, a critical event in the execution of apoptosis. However, structural features of the altered protein species in the heterogeneous ensemble are difficult to
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Free radical biology & medicine, 47(6), 675-683 (2009-06-17)
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Cytochrome c: can't live with it--can't live without it.
J C Reed
Cell, 91(5), 559-562 (1997-12-11)
J Cai et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1366(1-2), 139-149 (1998-08-26)
Mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) has been found to have dual functions in controlling both cellular energetic metabolism and apoptosis. Through interaction with apoptotic protease activating factors (Apaf), cyt c can initiate the activation cascade of caspases once it is
Chromatograms
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