G3923
Gly-Pro-Glu
≥98% (HPLC)
Synonym(s):
GPE, Glycyl-prolyl-glutamic acid
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About This Item
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C12H19N3O6
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
301.30
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352209
PubChem Substance ID:
NACRES:
NA.32
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Quality Level
Assay
≥98% (HPLC)
form
powder
color
white
storage temp.
−20°C
SMILES string
NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI
1S/C12H19N3O6/c13-6-9(16)15-5-1-2-8(15)11(19)14-7(12(20)21)3-4-10(17)18/h7-8H,1-6,13H2,(H,14,19)(H,17,18)(H,20,21)/t7-,8-/m0/s1
InChI key
JJGBXTYGTKWGAT-YUMQZZPRSA-N
General description
IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) protein is cleaved into des-N-(1-3)-IGF-1 and an N-terminal Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE tripeptide). It is thought to be an outcome of specific neural processing.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE) is a neuroactive peptide and prevents the binding of glutamate to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It positively regulates the potassium-mediated release of acetylcholine from rat cortical slices. Thus, it is involved in the control of brain function. In vitro studies show that this peptide confers neuroprotection to CA1-2 hippocampal neurons against excitotoxic insult.
Gly-Pro-Glu is a neuroprotective compound and the N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1. Gly-Pro-Glu is neuroprotective after central administration in animal models of neurodegenerative processes, such as Huntington′s, Parkinson′s, Alzheimer′s diseases, and varies acute brain injury animal models. The neuroprotective activity is not related to its affinity to glutamate receptor. Findings indicate that GPE mimics insulin-like growth factor I effects on the somatostatin system through a mechanism independent of β-amyloid clearance that involves modulation of calcium and glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling.
Storage Class Code
11 - Combustible Solids
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
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J Guan et al.
Neuropharmacology, 47(6), 892-903 (2004-11-06)
The N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-1, GPE is neuroprotective when given intracerebroventricularly 2 h after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in rats. We have now examined whether GPE can cross the blood-brain barrier and exert neuroprotective actions following intravenous administration.
Matthias Van Hul et al.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 314(4), E334-E352 (2017-09-07)
Increasing evidence suggests that polyphenols have a significant potential in the prevention and treatment of risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to assess the metabolic outcomes of two polyphenol-containing extracts from cinnamon bark (CBE)
Nicholas S Trotter et al.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 13(2), 501-517 (2004-12-16)
The synthesis of nine GPE* analogues, wherein the alpha-carboxylic acid group of glutamic acid has been modified, is described by coupling readily accessible N-benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl-L-proline 2 with various analogues of glutamic acid. Pharmacological evaluation of the novel compounds was undertaken to
Sinho Choi et al.
Chemistry, an Asian journal, 12(13), 1470-1474 (2017-05-13)
Free-standing trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate gel polymer electrolyte is synthesized by a chemical cross-linking process and used as an electrolyte and separator membrane in lithium-sulfur batteries. The cross linked gel polymer electrolyte also exhibited a stable geometric size retention of 95 %
D C Batchelor et al.
Analytical biochemistry, 323(2), 156-163 (2003-12-06)
Glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE) is the N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-1 and has been shown to be neuroprotective following ischemia-induced brain injury. The pharmacokinetics of GPE were studied in adult rats since GPE is a candidate for use in neuroprotection therapies.
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