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biological source
wheat
form
powder
technique(s)
enzyme immunoassay: suitable
flow cytometry: suitable
InChI
1S/C29H41N7O9/c30-18(15-16-5-7-17(37)8-6-16)27(42)35-13-1-3-21(35)25(40)33-19(9-11-23(31)38)28(43)36-14-2-4-22(36)26(41)34-20(29(44)45)10-12-24(32)39/h5-8,18-22,37H,1-4,9-15,30H2,(H2,31,38)(H2,32,39)(H,33,40)(H,34,41)(H,44,45)
InChI key
HZWWPUTXBJEENE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Gene Information
wheat ... Gli-Z1(100682397) , pqn5(543384)
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General description
Gluten consists of two families of prolamins, known as gliadin and glutenin. Gliadin is a strongly hydrophobic glycoprotein, with a very poor solubility. The gliadins can be further subdivided into α-gliadins, γ-gliadins and ω-gliadins (based on their order of mobility on electrophoresis at low pH).
Application
Gliadin from wheat has been used in
- peptic tryptic digestion to study the effect of in vitro gliadin challenge on biopsies from celiac disease (CD) patients on gluten-free diet (GFD)
- to prepare gliadin for antigliadin antibody assay
- as a standard for the quantification of gliadin levels to the picogram level by flow cytometry
Biochem/physiol Actions
The gliadins comprise a family of glutamine- and proline-rich monomeric proteins that account for 40-50% of the total protein content of wheat kernels. The alcohol-soluble gliadins aggregate with the alcohol-insoluble glutenins to form gluten, which is responsible for the structure and properties of wheat dough. The gliadins are also involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. an autoimmune disease in which human leukocyte antigens DQ2 and DQ8 present gliaden peptides to a subset of T cells inducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines that, in turn, induce degradation of the intestinal mucosal matrix and cell death. B cells are also stimulated to produce gluten-specific and transglutaminase 2 (TG2)-specific antibodies, the latter may result from the presentation of gliadin peptides covalently bound to TG2.
Quality
Crude; From Wheat Gluten
Storage Class Code
11 - Combustible Solids
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Personal Protective Equipment
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
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L J Chartrand et al.
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 157(5), 527-533 (1997-09-19)
To test the effectiveness of serologic antigliadin antibody (AGA) testing in predicting celiac disease in children. Prospective clinical assessment. Hôpital Sainte-Justine, montreal. A total of 176 children with possible celiac disease who were referred for duodenal biopsy between January 1992
Sanja Petronijevic et al.
European journal of oral sciences, 128(1), 27-36 (2020-02-23)
Previously we detected increased levels of IgA to the enamel matrix protein amelogenin in children with untreated coeliac disease (CeD). The biological impact of autoantibodies to amelogenin may depend on which part of the amelogenin (epitopes) they bind. Sera or
Jean-Baptiste Domergue et al.
International journal of molecular sciences, 23(9) (2022-05-15)
Isotopic analyses of plant samples are now of considerable importance for food certification and plant physiology. In fact, the natural nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) is extremely useful to examine metabolic pathways of N nutrition involving isotope fractionations. However, δ15N analysis
Claudio Rhyner et al.
Immunology, 110(2), 269-274 (2003-09-27)
Coeliac disease (CD), a gastrointestinal illness characterized by intestinal malabsorption, results from gluten intolerance accompanied with immunological responses towards gliadin, an ethanol-soluble protein fraction of wheat and other cereals. The role of gliadin in eliciting immune responses in CD is
Valentina Vaira et al.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 126(6), 417-423 (2013-09-26)
CD (coeliac disease) is a frequent autoimmune disorder of the small bowel, which is characterized by an immunological reaction against gluten and transglutaminase in genetically predisposed subjects. However, the molecular determinants underpinning CD pathogenesis are yet to be fully elucidated
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