A7475
Anthopleurin-A trifluoroacetate salt
>88% (HPLC)
Synonym(s):
AP-A trifluoroacetate salt, Anthopleura toxin A trifluoroacetate salt
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About This Item
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C220H326N64O67S6 · xC2HF3O2
Molecular Weight:
5131.72 (free base basis)
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352202
NACRES:
NA.77
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Assay
>88% (HPLC)
form
solid
storage temp.
−20°C
Amino Acid Sequence
Gly-Val-Ser-Cys-Leu-Cys-Asp-Ser-Asp-Gly-Pro-Ser-Val-Arg-Gly-Asn-Thr-Leu-Ser-Gly-Thr-Leu-Trp-Leu-Tyr-Pro-Ser-Gly-Cys-Pro-Ser-Gly-Trp-His-Asn-Cys-Lys-Ala-His-Gly-Pro-Thr-Ile-Gly-Trp-Cys-Cys-Lys-Gln [Disulfide bridges: 4-46, 6-36, 29-47]
General description
Synthetic peptide toxin that was originally isolated from the sea anemone, Anthopleura xanthogrammica.
Application
Anthopleurin-A is a toxin used to study the gating mechanisms of sodium channels. Anthopleurin-A slows the repolarization phase of nerve and muscle action potentials by inactivating the sodium channel.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Anthopleurin-A slows the repolarization phase of nerve and muscle action potentials by inactivating the sodium channel. Anthopleurin-A shows a preference towards cardiac channels over the neuronal sodium channels. It is a toxin used to study the gating mechanisms of sodium channels.
Shown to have inotropic effects and not chronotropic effects on mammalian heart preparations.
Other Notes
supplied as trifluoroacetate salt
Storage Class Code
11 - Combustible Solids
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Personal Protective Equipment
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
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M F Sheets et al.
The Journal of general physiology, 106(4), 617-640 (1995-10-01)
The gating charge and voltage dependence of the open state to the inactivated state (O-->I) transition was measured for the voltage-dependent mammalian cardiac Na channel. Using the site 3 toxin, Anthopleurin-A (Ap-A), which selectively modifies the O-->I transition (see Hanck
Dorothy A Hanck et al.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 49(2), 181-193 (2006-11-10)
Site-3 toxins are small polypeptide venoms from scorpions, sea anemones, and spiders that bind with a high specificity to the extracellular surface of voltage-gated Na channels. After binding to a site near the S4 segment in domain IV the toxin
S G Priori et al.
Circulation research, 78(6), 1009-1015 (1996-06-01)
The long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is a hereditary disorder characterized by an abnormally prolonged QT interval and by life-threatening arrhythmias. Recently, two of the genes responsible for LQTS have been identified: SCN5A, a voltage-dependent Na+ channel on chromosome 3 (LQT3), and
G R Benzinger et al.
Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 434(6), 742-749 (1997-11-05)
Site-3 toxins from scorpion and sea anemone bind to Na channels and selectively inhibit current decay. Anthopleurins A and B (ApA and ApB, respectively), toxins found in the venom of the sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica, bind to closed states of
W Shimizu et al.
Circulation, 96(6), 2038-2047 (1997-10-10)
This study examines the contribution of transmural heterogeneity of transmembrane activity to phenotypic T-wave patterns and the effects of pacing and of sodium channel block under conditions mimicking HERG and SCN5A defects linked to the congenital long-QT syndrome (LQTS). A
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