Direct arylation of thiophenes and benzothiophenes with aryltrimethylsilanes was effectively catalyzed by PdCl(2)(MeCN)(2) in the presence of CuCl(2) as an oxidant. The reaction preferentially occurred at the β-position of both thiophenes and benzothiophenes.
Environmental effects of copper nanoparticles are little studied in terrestrial ecosystems. In the present article, the toxicity of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) on the enchytraeid Enchytraeus albidus is compared to the toxicity of a copper-salt (CuCl(2)). The effect parameters studied were
Iron(II)-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of potassium vinyltrifluoroborates.
Andrew T Parsons et al.
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 51(12), 2947-2950 (2012-02-14)
After the widespread ban of TBT, due to its severe impact on coastal biocoenoses, mainly related to its immunosuppressive effects on both invertebrates and vertebrates, alternative biocides such as Cu(I) salts and the triazine Irgarol 1051, the latter previously used
Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 280(2), 345-351 (2014-08-20)
Wilson disease (WD) is caused by accumulation of excess copper (Cu) due to a mutation in the gene encoding the liver Cu transporter ATP7B, and is characterized by acute liver failure or cirrhosis and neuronal cell death. We investigated the
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