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L6386

Sigma-Aldrich

Lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella typhosa

purified by phenol extraction

Synonym(s):

Lactose synthase B protein, LPS

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About This Item

MDL number:
MFCD00131520
UNSPSC Code:
12352201
NACRES:
NA.25

biological source

bacterial (Salmonella typhosa)

Quality Level

200

form

lyophilized powder

purified by

phenol extraction

impurities

<3% Protein (Lowry)

color

white to yellow cast

solubility

water: 4.90-5.10 mg/mL, faintly hazy to hazy, colorless to faintly yellow

shipped in

ambient

storage temp.

2-8°C

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General description

This product is phenol extracted from Salmonella typhosa. The source strain is ATCC 10749.

Application

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).

Biochem/physiol Actions

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are localized in the outer layer of the membrane and are, in noncapsulated strains, exposed on the cell surface. They contribute to the integrity of the outer membrane, and protect the cell against the action of bile salts and lipophilic antibiotics.

Preparation Note

The product is soluble in water (5 mg/ml) or cell culture medium (1 mg/ml) yielding a hazy, faint yellow solution. A more concentrated, though still hazy, solution (20 mg/ml) has been achieved in aqueous saline after vortexing and warming to 70-80 oC. Lipopolysaccharides are molecules that form micelles in every solvent. Hazy solutions are observed in water and phosphate buffered saline. Organic solvents do not give clearer solutions. Methanol yields a turbid suspension with floaters, while water yields a homogeneously hazy solution.

Other Notes

To gain a comprehensive understanding of our extensive range of Lipopolysaccharides for your research, we encourage you to visit our Carbohydrates Category page.

Pictograms

Skull and crossbones
GHS06

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H300

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 2 Oral

Storage Class Code

6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

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Satoshi Ohtake et al.
Vaccine, 29(15), 2761-2771 (2011-02-09)
Foam drying, a modified freeze drying process, was utilized to produce a heat-stable, live attenuated Salmonella Typhi 'Ty21a' bacterial vaccine. Ty21a vaccine was formulated with pharmaceutically approved stabilizers, including sugars, plasticizers, amino acids, and proteins. Growth media and harvesting conditions
Hanxiao Tu et al.
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 24(2), 1256-1267 (2019-12-07)
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease due to autoimmune system attacks hepatocytes and causes inflammation and fibrosis. Intracellular signalling and miRNA may play an important role in regulation of liver injury. This study aimed to investigate the potential
Yongqing Li et al.
Surgery, 156(2), 229-234 (2014-06-25)
We have recently demonstrated that in a rodent model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock, an increase in circulating citrullinated histone H3 (Cit H3) is associated with lethality of sepsis, and treatment with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor
Yingjian Liang et al.
European journal of pharmacology, 833, 432-440 (2018-07-08)
Immune cell death caused by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), referred to as NETosis, can contribute to the pathogenesis of endotoxemia and organ damage. Although the mechanisms by which infection induces NETosis and how that leads to organ dysfunction remain largely
Sebastian Steven et al.
British journal of pharmacology, 174(12), 1620-1632 (2016-07-21)
Excessive inflammation in sepsis causes microvascular thrombosis and thrombocytopenia associated with organ dysfunction and high mortality. The present studies aimed to investigate whether inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and supplementation with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists improved endotoxaemia-associated microvascular thrombosis
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Articles

Lipopolysaccharides for Research – Structure, Function & Applications

Explore the structure, function, and diverse applications of Lipopolysaccharides. Discover their role in bacteria, serological specificity, and research potential.

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