L2880

Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O55:B5

purified by phenol extraction

• Synonym(s): LPS
• EC Number: 297-473-0
• MDL number: MFCD00164401
• UNSPSC Code: 12352201
• NACRES: NA.25

Properties

• biological source: Escherichia coli (O55:B5)
• Quality Level: 300
• form: lyophilized powder
• purified by: phenol extraction
• technique(s): cell based assay: suitable
• impurities: <3% Protein (Lowry)
• color: off-white to tan
• solubility: water: soluble
• application(s): cell analysis; clinical research; life science and biopharma
• shipped in: ambient
• storage temp.: 2-8°C

Description

General description

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are glycolipids, a combination of carbohydrate units linked with single or multiple fatty acids that are found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. The LPS is an essential component of the outer membrane and the LPS structure is composed of lipid A, a glucosamine-based phospholipid, a short-core oligosaccharide, and an O-antigen, a distal polysaccharide.

Application

Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O55:B5 has been used:

• to stimulate hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells
• to stimulate the spleen and study the expression of the Malitaf gene in the fish blunt snout bream
• as part of the concanavalin A (ConA) and D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS) model of fulminant hepatitis to study the effect of the natural compound hesperetin
• to check the cell viability of human chorionic villi-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hCMSCs) by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay
• to induce oligodendrocyte toxicity to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of few compounds
• to induce sarcopenia in rats to evaluate the antioxidant effects of curcumin-loaded hydrophobic surface-modified hydroxyapatite

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).

Biochem/physiol Actions

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) sets up a protective permeability barrier that blocks the entry of antibiotics and bile salts, which make Gram-negative bacteria innately resistant. LPS is involved in bacterial pathogenicity as the host immune system primarily encounters the LPS component of the bacteria. LPS is an endotoxin and a highly immunogenic antigen that can enhance the immune system. The lipid A of LPS stimulates host cells via toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4).

Other Notes

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For optimal reconstitution of LPS products, an intensive vortex is required before use, regardless of the container type. Ensure that the storage solution concentration is at least 1 mg/ml. While borosilicate (silanized) containers are recommended, polypropylene (PP) plastic containers may also be used.

To gain a comprehensive understanding of our extensive range of Lipopolysaccharides for your research, we encourage you to visit our Carbohydrates Category page.

Safety Information

• Pictograms: GHS06
• Signal Word: Danger
• Hazard Statements: H300
• Precautionary Statements: P264 - P270 - P301 + P310 - P405 - P501
• Hazard Classifications: Acute Tox. 2 Oral
• Storage Class Code: 6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials
• WGK: WGK 3
• Flash Point(F): Not applicable
• Flash Point(C): Not applicable
• Personal Protective Equipment: dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves