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L8754

Sigma-Aldrich

Lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris (red kidney bean)

Phytohemagglutinin PHA-P, lyophilized powder

Synonym(s):

Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin, PHA

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About This Item

EC Number:
232-718-7
UNSPSC Code:
12352202
NACRES:
NA.32

biological source

Phaseolus vulgaris

form

lyophilized powder

potency

≤62.5 μg per mL agglutination activity
≤10 μg/mL mitogenic activity

impurities

salt, free

storage temp.

2-8°C

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General description

PHAs are carbohydrate-binding proteins. There are several types of PHAs identified, predominantly in leguminous plants.
Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA, or phytohemagglutinin) is a lectin found in plants (esp. in legumes). It is obtained from Phaseolus vulgaris (red kidney beans) and acts as a mitogen in human leucocyte culture.

Application

It has also been used as an antigen to measure in vivo T-cell-mediated immune responsiveness.
Lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris (red kidney bean) has been used in phytohemagglutinin (PHA) assay and during assessment of cellular and humoral immunity.

Biochem/physiol Actions

PHA consists of two molecular species, an erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) which has low mitogenic activity and high erythroagglutinin activity, and leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) which has high mitogenic and leucoagglutinating activity, but very low erythroagglutinating activity.
PHA-E is not blood group specific, but agglutination can be inhibited by certain oligosaccharides. PHA-P is the protein form of PHA prior to separation and purification of erythroagglutinin and leucoagglutinin. PHA-M is the mucoprotein form. Conjugates are prepared from the corresponding purified lectins.

Analysis Note

Agglutination activity is expressed in mg/ml and is determined from serial dilutions of a 1 mg/ml solution. This activity is the lowest concentration to agglutinate a suspension of 2% human erythrocytes in phosphate buffered saline, pH 6.8, after 1 hr incubation at 25 °C. Mitogenic activity is determined by BrdU incorporation in HeLa cell cultures.

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

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A R S Badari Nath et al.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy, 134, 143-147 (2014-07-10)
Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) is a lectin obtained from Phaseolus vulgaris (red kidney beans), that acts as a mitogen in human leucocyte culture and is commercially available from Gibco. This PHA (Gibco) was found to be very expensive, hence other inexpensive sources
Phytohemagglutinin content in fresh kidney bean in China
Sun Y, et al.
International journal of food properties, 22(1), 405-413 (2019)
Qianting Yang et al.
Thorax, 75(7), 576-583 (2020-03-24)
Biomarker-based tests for diagnosing TB currently rely on detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigen-specific cellular responses. While this approach can detect Mtb infection, it is not efficient in diagnosing TB, especially for patients who lack aetiological evidence of the disease. We
Andrew Z Wang et al.
The Journal of experimental biology, 223(Pt 20) (2020-09-13)
Limited resources must be partitioned among traits that enhance fitness. Although survival-related traits often trade off with reproduction, survival-related traits themselves may trade off with each other under energy limitations. Whole-organism performance and the immune system both enhance survival, yet
José A Masero et al.
Scientific reports, 7(1), 6867-6867 (2017-08-02)
Salinization is having a major impact on wetlands and its biota worldwide. Specifically, many migratory animals that rely on wetlands are increasingly exposed to elevated salinity on their nonbreeding grounds. Experimental evidence suggests that physiological challenges associated with increasing salinity
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