D1515

Doxorubicin hydrochloride

98.0-102.0% (HPLC)

• Synonym(s): Adriamycin, DOX, Hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride
• Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₁ · HCl
• CAS Number: 25316-40-9
• Molecular Weight: 579.98
• Beilstein: 4229251
• EC Number: 246-818-3
• MDL number: MFCD00077757
• UNSPSC Code: 51281818
• PubChem Substance ID: 24893465
• NACRES: NA.76

Properties

• biological source: synthetic (organic)
• Quality Level: 200
• Assay: 98.0-102.0% (HPLC)
• form: powder
• mp: 216 °C (dec.) (lit.)
• solubility: water: 50.0-52.0 mg/mL, clear, orange to red
• antibiotic activity spectrum: viruses
• Mode of action: DNA synthesis | interferes
• storage temp.: 2-8°C
• SMILES string: Cl[H].COc1cccc2C(=O)c3c(O)c4C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O[C@H]5C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O5)c4c(O)c3C(=O)c12)C(=O)CO
• InChI: 1S/C27H29NO11.ClH/c1-10-22(31)13(28)6-17(38-10)39-15-8-27(36,16(30)9-29)7-12-19(15)26(35)21-20(24(12)33)23(32)11-4-3-5-14(37-2)18(11)25(21)34;/h3-5,10,13,15,17,22,29,31,33,35-36H,6-9,28H2,1-2H3;1H/t10-,13-,15-,17-,22+,27-;/m0./s1
• InChI key: MWWSFMDVAYGXBV-RUELKSSGSA-N
• Gene Information: human ... TOP2A(7153)

Description

General description

Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius.[1][2] The water soluble anti-cancer agent DOX[3] is a hydroxy derivative of daunorubicin.[4]

Doxorubicin also leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further damage DNA, proteins, and membranes. It exerts cytotoxic, antitumor, anticancer, and antineoplastic activity and finds application in cancer, metabolomics, cell biology, and biochemical research.[4]

Application

Doxorubicin hydrochloride has been used:

• in cell viability assays[5]
• MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay[6]
• as a drug in polymeric PLGA-based microparticulate drug delivery[7]
• to develop doxorubicin-resistant HepG2 cells (HepG2-DR) and K562 cells (K562-DR)[8]

Biochem/physiol Actions

Naturally fluorescent anthracycline antibiotic, anticancer drug. Doxorubicin is a substrate of MRP1 which was first cloned from a DOX-resistant lung cancer cell line. Fluorescent property has been exploited for the measurement of drug efflux pump activities as well as resolving the important question of intracellular localization of various multidrug resistance proteins and the role of subcellular organelles (Golgi and lysosome) in the sequestration of drugs and its implication in drug resistant phenotypes.

Substrate of MRP1; used for measurement of drug efflux pump activities. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) inhibits topoisomerase II by intercalating between base pairs and by inducing strand breaks, resulting in the inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis.[1] It also contributes to the formation of free radicals for the disruption of membrane lipids and DNA strands.[1]

Features and Benefits

• High-quality antibiotic suitable for multiple research applications
• Ideal for Cell Biology, Metabolomics, and Biochemical research.

Preparation Note

Soluble in water and in isotonic sodium chloride solution, slightly soluble in methanol. Practically insoluble in chloroform, ether, and in other organic solvents.

Storage and Stability

Tightly closed. Dry. Keep in a well -ventilated place. Keep locked up or in an area accessible

Other Notes

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Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Moisture sensitive. Light sensitive.

Safety Information

• Pictograms: GHS08,GHS07
• Signal Word: Danger
• Hazard Statements: H302,H340,H350,H360FD
• Precautionary Statements: P202 - P264 - P280 - P301 + P312 - P308 + P313 - P405
• Hazard Classifications: Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Carc. 1B - Muta. 1B - Repr. 1B
• Storage Class Code: 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects
• WGK: WGK 3
• Flash Point(F): Not applicable
• Flash Point(C): Not applicable
• Personal Protective Equipment: dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves