F0507

Formic acid

reagent grade, ≥95%

• Linear Formula: HCOOH
• CAS Number: 64-18-6
• Molecular Weight: 46.03
• Beilstein: 1209246
• EC Number: 200-579-1
• MDL number: MFCD00003297
• UNSPSC Code: 12352106
• PubChem Substance ID: 329799662
• NACRES: NA.21
• grade: reagent grade
• pH: 2.2 (20 °C, 2.2 g/L)

Properties

• grade: reagent grade
• Quality Level: 100
• vapor density: 1.6 (vs air)
• vapor pressure: 44.8 mmHg ( 20 °C)
• Assay: ≥95%
• form: liquid
• autoignition temp.: 1004 °F
• contains: <2.5% water as stabilizer
• expl. lim.: 57 %
• impurities: ≤1% acetic acid
• refractive index: n20/D 1.370 (lit.)
• pH: 2.2 (20 °C, 2.2 g/L)
• bp: 100-101 °C (lit.)
• mp: 8.2-8.4 °C (lit.)
• density: 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
• storage temp.: room temp
• SMILES string: OC=O
• InChI: 1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)
• InChI key: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Description

General description

Formic acid (HCOOH, FA) is the simplest carboxylic acid that is mostly found in insect bites and stings. It is widely utilized as a hydrogen storage molecule due to its low toxicity, recyclability, ease of usage, and liquid state in ambient conditions. [1]

Application

• Electrochemical CO(2) Reduction on Metallic and Oxidized Tin: This study uses grand-canonical density functional theory (DFT) and in situ attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRA) to investigate electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction on tin surfaces, where formic acid could play a role in understanding reaction mechanisms (Whittaker et al., 2024).


• Simultaneous Measurement of COVID-19 Treatment Drugs: This research demonstrates the use of UPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous measurement of COVID-19 treatment drugs in rat plasma, indicating the importance of formic acid in preparing samples or as a mobile phase additive for better chromatographic separation (Zhou et al., 2024).


• Metabolite Profiling of Liquiritin: The study involves metabolite profiling using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), where formic acid is likely utilized in sample preparation or chromatographic processes (Chen et al., 2024).


• Analysis of Cocaine and Its Metabolites: This article explores solid-phase extraction followed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of cocaine metabolites, a method that often incorporates formic acid to enhance the ionization of analytes (Makhdoom et al., 2024).


• Determination of Antimicrobial Compounds in Pigs: This research uses UHPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous determination of various antimicrobial compounds, demonstrating formic acid′s role in sample processing and chromatographic separation (Nowacka-Kozak et al., 2024).

Formic acid is used as a reducing agent in the:

• synthesis of graphene from graphene oxide. [2]
• catalytic reduction of chromium (Cr(VI) to Cr(III)) by colloidal palladium. [3]

It is also used as a reagent in the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction during the synthesis of ketamine from the reduction of 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-nitrocyclohexanone (2-CPNCH) to norketamine. [4]

Additionally, it is used as a hydrogen donor during the transformation of the furanose form into the pyranose form of glucose and in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction. [5]

Safety Information

• Pictograms: GHS02,GHS06,GHS05
• Signal Word: Danger
• Hazard Statements: H226,H302,H314,H331
• Precautionary Statements: P210 - P280 - P301 + P312 - P303 + P361 + P353 - P304 + P340 + P310 - P305 + P351 + P338
• Hazard Classifications: Acute Tox. 3 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Eye Dam. 1 - Flam. Liq. 3 - Skin Corr. 1A
• Supplementary Hazards: EUH071
• Storage Class Code: 3 - Flammable liquids
• WGK: WGK 1
• Flash Point(F): 121.1 °F - closed cup
• Flash Point(C): 49.5 °C - closed cup