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D048

Sigma-Aldrich

MPP+ iodide

≥98% (HPLC), powder

Synonym(s):

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C12H12IN
CAS Number:
36913-39-0
Molecular Weight:
297.13
MDL number:
MFCD00055096
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
24893235
NACRES:
NA.77

Assay

≥98% (HPLC)

form

powder

storage condition

desiccated

color

white to beige

solubility

H2O: 10 mg/mL, clear

SMILES string

[I-].C[n+]1ccc(cc1)-c2ccccc2

InChI

1S/C12H12N.HI/c1-13-9-7-12(8-10-13)11-5-3-2-4-6-11;/h2-10H,1H3;1H/q+1;/p-1

InChI key

RFDFRDXIIKROAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M

General description

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) acts as a selective ERα antagonist.induces neurotoxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial redox functions in the striatal synaptosomes. It is a potential neurotoxin and induces Parkinson′s disease in animal models. It mediates apoptosis by the generation of reactive oxygen species in cerebellar granule neurons and neuroblastoma cells. MPP+ modulates the distribution of dopamine. It elicits neurotoxicity by activating neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), resulting in excess nitric oxide.

Application

MPP+ iodide has been used:
  • to induce oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos
  • for the inhibition of glutamate uptake in mitochondria of astrocytes
  • in testing cell viability using MTT (3 (4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) in microglia (BV2) cells

Biochem/physiol Actions

MPP+ iodide is an active metabolite of dopaminergic neurotoxin MPTP.

Caution

Photosensitive.

Preparation Note

Solutions should be freshly prepared.

Other Notes

2024 CiteAb Award Winner for Supplier Succeeding in Parkinson′s Research

Pictograms

Skull and crossbones
GHS06

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 3 Dermal - Acute Tox. 3 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 3 Oral - Eye Irrit. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2 - STOT SE 3

Target Organs

Respiratory system

Storage Class Code

6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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JNK-mediated microglial DICER degradation potentiates inflammatory responses to induce dopaminergic neuron loss
Wang Q, et al.
Journal of Neuroinflammation, 15(1), 184-184 (2018)
Agnieszka Nikiforuk et al.
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 11, 222-222 (2017-12-13)
Reduced cognitive abilities are often characterized by an impairment of flexibility, i.e., the ability to switch from learned rules or categories that were important in certain contexts to different new modalities that rule the task. Drugs targeting the dopamine transporter
Bart de Nijs et al.
Nature communications, 8(1), 994-994 (2017-10-24)
Nanoparticles attached just above a flat metallic surface can trap optical fields in the nanoscale gap. This enables local spectroscopy of a few molecules within each coupled plasmonic hotspot, with near thousand-fold enhancement of the incident fields. As a result
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) decreases mitochondrial oxidation-reduction (REDOX) activity and membrane potential (DeltaPsim) in rat striatum
Nakai M, et al.
Experimental Neurology, 179(1), 103-110 (2003)
Xi Yang et al.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 60(10), 6260-6270 (2016-08-10)
Entecavir (ETV) is a first-line antiviral agent for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Renal excretion is the major elimination path of ETV, in which tubular secretion plays the key role. However, the secretion mechanism has not been
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