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Key Documents

S9652

Sigma-Aldrich

Safrole

≥97%

Synonym(s):

4-Allyl-1,2-methylenedioxybenzene, 5-Allyl-1,3-benzodioxole

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C10H10O2
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
162.19
Beilstein:
136380
EC Number:
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
NACRES:
NA.25

vapor pressure

1 mmHg ( 63.8 °C)

Assay

≥97%

color

yellow

refractive index

n20/D 1.537 (lit.)

bp

232-234 °C (lit.)

mp

11.2 °C (lit.)

density

1.095 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

application(s)

metabolomics
vitamins, nutraceuticals, and natural products

SMILES string

C=CCc1ccc2OCOc2c1

InChI

1S/C10H10O2/c1-2-3-8-4-5-9-10(6-8)12-7-11-9/h2,4-6H,1,3,7H2

InChI key

ZMQAAUBTXCXRIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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General description

Safrole is used as a counter irritant and for treating parasitic infections.

Application

Safrole has been used to investigate the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) in conferring cisplatin resistance to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Biochem/physiol Actions

Safrole is one of the vital food‐borne phytotoxins. It is present in various natural products such as spices including anise, basil, nutmeg and pepper. It exhibits cytotoxic effect in human tongue squamous carcinoma SCC‐4 cells by promoting apoptosis via mitochondria‐ and caspase‐dependent signal pathways.
Safrole is a naturally-occurring genotoxic compound found in Sassafras root and Areca (betel) quid. It is a hepatocarcinogen, and safrole-DNA adducts have also been seen in oral cancers of Areca users. Metabolites of safrole form adducts with DNA and induce chromasomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges.

Other Notes

Principal constituent of sassafras oil

Pictograms

Health hazardExclamation mark

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Carc. 1B - Muta. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2

Storage Class Code

6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

212.0 °F - closed cup

Flash Point(C)

100 °C - closed cup

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Safrole induces cell death in human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells through mitochondria-dependent caspase activation cascade apoptotic signaling pathways
FS Yu, et al.
Environmental Toxicology, 27(7), 433-444 (2012)
Chapter 3-Families of compounds that occur in essential oils
Essential Chemistry for Aromatherapy, 41-77 (2008)
Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with a novel small molecule inhibitor
Kim J, et al.
Oncotarget, 8(32), 52345-52345 (2017)
M-J Fan et al.
Human & experimental toxicology, 31(9), 898-904 (2012-04-26)
Safrole, a component of piper betle inflorescence, is a documented rodent hepatocarcinogen and inhibits bactericidal activity and the release of superoxide anion (O(2-)) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). In the present study, we investigated the effects of safrole on immune responses
Reto Dorta
Chimia, 65(10), 806-812 (2011-11-08)
Homogeneous catalysis is a field of research that has gained central importance in both organic and inorganic chemistry and the use of well-defined ligand systems in the synthesis of transition metal complexes has had an enormous impact on the development

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