Frontiers of yeast metabolic engineering: diversifying beyond ethanol and Saccharomyces.

Frontiers of yeast metabolic engineering: diversifying beyond ethanol and Saccharomyces.

Current opinion in biotechnology (2013-04-02)

Leqian Liu, Heidi Redden, Hal S Alper

ABSTRACT

Microbial systems provide an attractive, renewable route to produce desired organic molecules such as fuels and chemicals. While attention within the field of metabolic engineering has mostly focused on Escherichia coli, yeast is a potent host and growing host for industrial products and has many outstanding, biotechnologically desirable native traits. Thus, there has been a recent shift in focus toward yeast as production hosts to replace E. coli. As such, products have diversified in yeast beyond simply ethanol. Additionally, nonconventional yeasts have been considered to move beyond Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This review highlights recent advances in metabolic engineering of yeasts for producing value-added chemical compounds including alcohols, sugar derivatives, organic acids, fats, terpenes, aromatics, and polyketides. Furthermore, we will also discuss the future direction of metabolic engineering of yeasts.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

PHR1070

Supelco

Dehydrated Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

E-056

Supelco

Ethanol-20 (10 ampules/kit), 20 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-053

Supelco

Ethanol-500, 500 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

48075

Supelco

Ethanol solution, certified reference material, 2000 μg/mL in methanol

E-036

Supelco

Ethanol-400 (10 ampules/kit), 400 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

1012772

USP

Dehydrated Alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

676829

Sigma-Aldrich

Reagent Alcohol, anhydrous, ≤0.005% water

277649

Sigma-Aldrich

Reagent Alcohol, anhydrous, ≤0.003% water

E-034

Supelco

Ethanol Calibration Kit, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

29221

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, tested according to Ph. Eur.

02851

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, for residue analysis

493511

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 190 proof, ACS spectrophotometric grade, 95.0%

E-040

Supelco

Ethanol-10, 10 mg/dL in H₂O, pack of 10 × 1.2 mL ampules, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-041

Supelco

Ethanol-150, 150 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-033

Supelco

Ethanol-300, 300 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-029

Supelco

Ethanol-50, 50 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-030

Supelco

Ethanol-80, 80 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-031

Supelco

Ethanol-100 (10 ampules/kit), 100 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-032

Supelco

Ethanol-200 (10 ampules/kit), 200 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

51976

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.8%, (absolute alcohol, without additive, A15 o¹)

493546

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, meets USP testing specifications

459844

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

02857

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, purum, fine spirit, denaturated with 4.8% methanol, F25 METHYL¹, ~96% (based on denaturant-free substance)

02856

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, purum, absolute ethanol, denaturated with 4.8% isopropanol, A15 IPA¹, ≥99.8% (based on denaturant-free substance)

02882

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, purum, absolute ethanol, denaturated with 2% 2-butanone, A15 MEK¹, ≥99.8% (based on denaturant-free substance)

E7023

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, for molecular biology

E7148

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 190 proof, for molecular biology