Microorganisms naturally form biofilms on solid surfaces for their mutual benefits including protection from environmental stresses caused by contaminants, nutritional depletion or imbalances. The biofilms are normally dangerous to human health due to their inherited robustness. On the other hand
Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(6161), 956-960 (2013-11-23)
Fluorinated heterocycles are prevalent in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. However, reactions that incorporate fluorine into heteroarenes are limited in scope and can be hazardous. We present a broadly applicable and safe method for the site-selective fluorination of a single carbon-hydrogen
Vibrational spectroscopies using infrared radiation, Raman scattering, neutrons, low-energy electrons and inelastic electron tunnelling are powerful techniques that can analyse bonding arrangements, identify chemical compounds and probe many other important properties of materials. The spatial resolution of these spectroscopies is
Annual review of biochemistry, 82, 471-496 (2013-06-12)
The relationship between protein dynamics and function is a subject of considerable contemporary interest. Although protein motions are frequently observed during ligand binding and release steps, the contribution of protein motions to the catalysis of bond making/breaking processes is more
Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6142), 168-172 (2013-05-25)
Ca(2+)/cation antiporters catalyze the exchange of Ca(2+) with various cations across biological membranes to regulate cytosolic calcium levels. The recently reported structure of a prokaryotic Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX_Mj) revealed its overall architecture in an outward-facing state. Here, we report the
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