Heterogeneous Catalysts for Synthetic Applications
Heterogeneous catalyst exists in a different phase than the reactants in a chemical reaction. Typically, the catalyst is solid while the reactants are in the gas or liquid phase. The catalyst is synthesized by impregnation, co-precipitation, sol-gel process or chemical vapor deposition. Heterogeneous catalysis is a process in which the heterogenous catalyst facilitates reactions by providing a surface for the reactants to adhere to, allowing the reaction to occur more efficiently. These catalysts are used in biodiesel production, hydrogenation, oxidation, or coupling reactions allowing for faster, large-scale productions and selective product formation. The Evonik solid heterogeneous catalysts portfolio has been created with a variety of metals: Pd, Pt, Ru, and Rh with the metal present on the active carbon for most. Controlling the percent metal and the structure of the carbon changes the reactivity broadening the application possibilities.
The tables below summarize the applications of these diverse catalysts categorized by reaction type. For a complete application guide, please see the download link below.
⚫ Preferred (first choice)
⚪ Recommended
HYDROGENATION OF C-C BONDS
| CC Double Bonds & CC Triple Bonds | CC Triple Bonds to CC Double Bonds | Fatty Acid and Fat Hardening |
|---|---|---|---|
⚫ |
| ⚪ | |
⚫ |
|
| |
⚫ |
|
| |
⚪ |
| ⚪ | |
⚪ |
| ⚫ | |
⚪ |
| ⚪ | |
⚪ |
|
| |
| ⚫ |
| |
| ⚫ |
| |
⚫ |
|
|
HYDROGENATION OF C-N BONDS
| CN Triple Bonds to Primary Amines & Aldehydes | CN Triple Bonds to 2°/3° Amines | CN Double Bonds (Imines) | Hydrazones to Hydrazides |
|---|---|---|---|---|
⚫ |
|
|
| |
⚫ |
|
|
| |
⚪ |
|
|
| |
⚪ |
|
|
| |
⚪ |
|
|
| |
| ⚪ | ⚪ | ⚪ | |
| ⚫ | ⚪ | ⚫ | |
| ⚪ | ⚫ | ⚪ | |
| ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | |
⚪* |
|
|
|
*only for primary amines
HYDROGENATION OF C=O BONDS
| Aliphatic Aldehydes and Ketones | Sugars to Sugar Alcohols | Aromatic Carbonyls to Alcohols | Aromatic Carbonyls to Alkyls |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ⚫ |
| |
|
|
| ⚫ | |
|
|
| ⚪ | |
|
|
| ⚫ | |
|
| ⚪ | ⚫ | |
|
| ⚪ |
| |
|
| ⚫ |
| |
|
|
| ⚪ | |
|
|
| ⚪ | |
|
| ⚫ |
| |
⚪ |
| ⚪ |
| |
⚫ |
| ⚫ |
| |
|
|
|
| |
⚪ |
| ⚪ |
| |
⚫ | ⚫ |
| ⚫ | |
⚫ | ⚫ |
| ⚪ | |
⚪ | ⚪ |
| ⚫ |
HYDROGENATION OF NITRO GROUPS
| Aromatic Nitro Groups to Aromatic Amines | Aromatic Nitro Groups to Halonitroamromatics | Aromatic Nitro Groups to Hydroxylamines | Aliphatic Nitro Groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
| ⚪ | |
⚫ |
|
| ⚫ | |
|
|
| ⚪ | |
⚫ |
|
|
| |
|
|
| ⚫ | |
|
| ⚫ |
| |
|
| ⚫ |
| |
⚪ |
|
|
| |
⚫ | ⚪ |
|
| |
⚫ | ⚪ |
| ⚪ | |
⚪ | ⚪ |
| ⚫ | |
| ⚪ |
| ⚪ | |
⚪ | ⚪ | ⚫ |
| |
| ⚪ |
|
| |
⚪ | ⚫ |
|
| |
| ⚫ |
|
| |
⚪ | ⚫ |
|
|
HYDROGENATION OF AROMATICS
| Heteroaromatics | Aromatics (partial) | Aromatics (total) |
|---|---|---|---|
⚫ |
|
| |
⚫ |
|
| |
⚪ |
|
| |
⚪ |
|
| |
⚪ |
|
| |
⚫ |
| ⚫ | |
⚪ | ⚫ | ⚪ | |
⚪ | ⚫ | ⚪ | |
⚪ | ⚫ | ⚪ |
HYDROGENOLYSIS REACTIONS
| O/N-Debenzylation | Removal of Cbz (Z) | Rosenmund Reduction |
|---|---|---|---|
| ⚫ |
| |
⚫ | ⚫ |
| |
⚫ | ⚪ |
| |
⚫ |
|
| |
⚪ |
|
| |
⚪ |
|
| |
| ⚫ | ⚫ | |
⚪ |
|
| |
⚪ | ⚪ |
| |
| ⚫ | ⚫ | |
⚪ | ⚪ |
|
Hydrodehalogenation Reactions
| Hydrodehalogenation of Aliphatics | Hydrodehalogenation of Aromatics |
|---|---|---|
⚫ | ⚫ | |
| ⚪ | |
⚪ | ⚪ | |
⚫ | ⚫ | |
| ⚪ | |
⚫ | ⚫ |
REDUCTIVE ALKYLATION AND AMINATION
| Aldehydes and Ketones to Primary Amines | Aldehydes and Ketones to Secondary Amines |
|---|---|---|
⚪ | ⚪ | |
⚫ | ⚫ | |
⚪ | ⚪ | |
⚪ | ⚪ | |
⚫ | ⚫ | |
| ⚪ | |
| ⚪ | |
| ⚫ |
DEHYDROGENATIONS AND OXIDATIONS
| Dehydrogenation of Carbocyclic Rings to Aromatics | Oxidations of Alcohols to Sugars |
|---|---|---|
⚫ |
| |
⚪ |
| |
⚫ |
| |
| ⚪ | |
⚫ |
| |
| ⚪ | |
| ⚪ | |
| ⚪ | |
| ⚪ | |
| ⚪ | |
| ⚫ |
Network error: Failed to fetch
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