由来生物
mouse
抗体製品の状態
purified immunoglobulin
クローン
4G3, monoclonal
化学種の反応性
human
メーカー／製品名
Chemicon®
テクニック
immunocytochemistry: suitable
NCBIアクセッション番号
UniProtアクセッション番号
輸送温度
wet ice
ターゲットの翻訳後修飾
unmodified
遺伝子情報
human ... TGM2(7052)
詳細
Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is a 75 kDa monomeric globular protein expressed in the majority of cells and tissues. tTG localizes mainly in the cytoplasm but some tGT is present on the cell surface and is association with the extracellular matrix. In addition to its guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity, tTG catalyzes the posttranslational modification of proteins by transamidation of available glutamine residues (Monsonego, 1997). Extracellular tTG is able to bind to and cross-link several ECM proteins and may function to stabilize the ECM and basement membranes. The protein is translated as a fully active enzyme and there is no evidence for proteolytic activation.
High constitutive expression and accumulation of active tTG is observed in (among others) endothelial cells, platelets, vascular smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells of the lens. tTG is expressed at very low levels in skeletal muscle cells and neurons and may be difficult to detect in these cell/tissue types.
High constitutive expression and accumulation of active tTG is observed in (among others) endothelial cells, platelets, vascular smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells of the lens. tTG is expressed at very low levels in skeletal muscle cells and neurons and may be difficult to detect in these cell/tissue types.
特異性
Tissue Transglutaminase. Will recognize all three known splice variants of tTG.
免疫原
Epitope: FN binding domain
Fibronectin binding domain of tissue transglutaminase (amino acids 1-165 of tTG).
アプリケーション
Research Category
アポトーシス及び癌
代謝
アポトーシス及び癌
代謝
Research Sub Category
アポトーシス-追加
酵素及び生化学
アポトーシス-追加
酵素及び生化学
Detect Tissue Transglutaminase using this Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody, FN binding domain, clone 4G3 validated for use in IC.
Immunohistochemistry: 20 μg/mL
Adhesion Blocking: 10-20 μg/mL (per 2x10e5 cells). 4G3 interferes with adhesion of TPA stimulated THP-1 cells and M-CSF stimulated peripheral blood monocytes to fibronectin.
Optimal working dilutions must be determined by the end user.
PROTOCOL:
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY: THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages by treatment with 150 ng/ml of TPA and plated on fibronectin coated glass coverslips for 72 hours.Live non-permeablized cells were incubated with 20 μg/mL of MAB3839 for 45 minutes, washed three times with PBS and fixed for 10 minutes with 3.7% paraformaldehyde. The cells were then washed with PBS and incubated 45 minutes with a fluoresceine labeled affinity-purified goat-anti-mouse secondary antibody. After extensive washing with PBS, cells were mounted in Fluorsave medium.
Observed Staining:Cell surface tTG was colocalized with b1- and b3-Integrins in podosome-like adhesive structures of macrophages adherent on fibronectin.
Adhesion Blocking: 10-20 μg/mL (per 2x10e5 cells). 4G3 interferes with adhesion of TPA stimulated THP-1 cells and M-CSF stimulated peripheral blood monocytes to fibronectin.
Optimal working dilutions must be determined by the end user.
PROTOCOL:
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY: THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages by treatment with 150 ng/ml of TPA and plated on fibronectin coated glass coverslips for 72 hours.Live non-permeablized cells were incubated with 20 μg/mL of MAB3839 for 45 minutes, washed three times with PBS and fixed for 10 minutes with 3.7% paraformaldehyde. The cells were then washed with PBS and incubated 45 minutes with a fluoresceine labeled affinity-purified goat-anti-mouse secondary antibody. After extensive washing with PBS, cells were mounted in Fluorsave medium.
Observed Staining:Cell surface tTG was colocalized with b1- and b3-Integrins in podosome-like adhesive structures of macrophages adherent on fibronectin.
物理的形状
Format: Purified
Protein A purified immunoglobulin in 0.02M Phosphate Buffer, pH 7.6, 0.25M NaCl containing 0.1% sodium azide.
保管および安定性
Maintain at 2-8°C in undiluted aliquots for up to 12 months.
その他情報
Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.
法的情報
CHEMICON is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
免責事項
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
保管分類コード
10 - Combustible liquids
WGK
WGK 2
引火点(°F)
Not applicable
引火点(℃)
Not applicable
適用法令
試験研究用途を考慮した関連法令を主に挙げております。化学物質以外については、一部の情報のみ提供しています。 製品を安全かつ合法的に使用することは、使用者の義務です。最新情報により修正される場合があります。WEBの反映には時間を要することがあるため、適宜SDSをご参照ください。
Jan Code
MAB3839:
試験成績書（COA）
製品のロット番号・バッチ番号を入力して、試験成績書（COA） を検索できます。ロット番号・バッチ番号は、製品ラベルに「Lot」または「Batch」に続いて記載されています。
Cristina Antonella Nadalutti et al.
PloS one, 8(10), e77277-e77277 (2013-10-17)
To investigate the role of thioredoxin (TRX), a novel regulator of extracellular transglutaminase 2 (TG2), in celiac patients IgA (CD IgA) mediated TG2 enzymatic activation. TG2 enzymatic activity was evaluated in endothelial cells (HUVECs) under different experimental conditions by ELISA
Ellen A Rorke et al.
Molecular carcinogenesis, 61(1), 19-32 (2021-10-06)
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) functions as an important cancer cell survival protein in a range of cancers including epidermal squamous cell carcinoma. TG2 exists in open and closed conformations each of which has a distinct and mutually exclusive activity. The
Gautam Adhikary et al.
Oncotarget, 9(77), 34495-34505 (2018-10-24)
Mesothelioma is a rare cancer of the mesothelial cell layer of the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium and tunica vaginalis. It is typically caused by asbestos, notoriously resistant to chemotherapy and generally considered incurable with a poor life expectancy. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2)
C Kerr et al.
Oncogene, 36(21), 2981-2990 (2016-12-13)
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is an important cancer stem cell survival protein that exists in open and closed conformations. The major intracellular form is the closed conformation that functions as a GTP-binding GTPase and is required for cancer stem cell
Warren Naselsky et al.
Molecular carcinogenesis, 61(6), 537-548 (2022-03-24)
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an important mesothelioma cancer cell survival protein. However, the mechanism whereby TG2 maintains mesothelioma cell survival is not well understood. We present studies showing that TG2 drives hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-dependent MET receptor signaling to maintain
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