4-Hydroxyestradiol, an metabolite of estradiol, forms adducts with adenine (N3) and guanine (N7) by depurinating sites in DNA of cultured human breast epithelial cells. This effect may play an important role in malignant transformation of these cells.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1155, 132-140 (2009-03-03)
Long-term exposure to estrogens influences the development of breast cancer in women, but the precise mechanisms involved are not clearly defined. Our working hypothesis is that estrogen modulates this process by two separate processes. One involves the binding of estradiol
Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 75(3), 285-292 (2011-09-17)
Women have a higher risk of lung adenocarcinoma than men, suggesting that estrogen pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of this cancer. This study was designed to determine whether ERα expression, estrogen levels, and endocrine disruptor exposure would influence
Estrogen is converted by cytochrome P450 1B1 to 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE(2)), a putative carcinogenic metabolite of estrogen. This catechol estrogen metabolite is oxidized further to produce a reactive quinone via semiquinone. Redox cycling between 4-OHE(2) and its quinoid generates reactive oxygen
Excess estrogen stimulates the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells and hence represents a major risk factor for breast cancer. Estrogen is subjected to cytochrome P450-catalysed oxidative metabolism to produce an oncogenic catechol estrogen, 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE₂). 4-OHE₂ undergoes redox cycling during
Journal of clinical immunology, 31(1), 22-29 (2010-09-04)
Increased concentrations of estrogen metabolites (catecholestrogens) have been found in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but the exact patho-etiology remains elusive. The binding of antibodies from the sera of RA patients and control subjects to native and modified DNA was studied by
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