9-cis-Retinal has been used for visual pigment regeneration.[1]
Biochem/physiol Actions
Retinal, retinol and retinoic acid are the aldehyde, alcohol and acid forms of vitamin A. The retinoids exist as many geometric isomers due to the unsaturated bonds in the aliphatic chain. 9-cis retinal is a natural ligand (chromophore) of the vertebrate rod visual pigment. 9-cis retinal is used in studies on the mechanisms of visual function.
Current opinion in genetics & development, 9(2), 140-147 (1999-05-14)
The nuclear hormone receptors constitute a large family of transcription factors. The binding of the hormonal ligands induces nuclear receptors to assume a configuration that leads to transcriptional activation. Recent studies of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors revealed that
Retinal rod and cone pigments consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked to a chromophore, 11-cis retinal. Here we demonstrate that the formation of the covalent bond between opsin and 11-cis retinal is reversible in darkness in amphibian red cones
The key role of vitamin A in embryonal development is reviewed. Special emphasis is given to the physiological action of retinoids, as evident from the retinoid ligand knockout models. Retinoid metabolism in embryonic tissues and teratogenic consequences of retinoid administration
The journal of physical chemistry. A, 114(32), 8190-8201 (2010-07-30)
The dynamics of the photoisomerization of a model protonated Schiff base of 9-cis retinal in isorhodopsin is investigated using nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation combined with ab initio quantum chemical calculations on-the-fly. The quantum chemical part is treated at the complete-active
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