The author discusses the current state of biochemical and genetic aspects of carotenoid biosynthesis in chloroplasts of algae and higher plants. Two ways of biosynthesis of key C5-isoperene units have been considered: 1) from acetate (C2) via mevalonic acid (C6)
Geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) and p-hydroxybenzoate (PHB) are the basic precursors involved in shikonins biosynthesis. GPP is derived from mevalonate (MVA) and/or 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway(s), depending upon the metabolite and the plant system under consideration. PHB, however, is synthesized by
New phosphorylated microbial metabolites referred to as phosphoantigens activate immune responses in humans. Although these molecules have leading applications in medical research, no direct method allows their rapid and unambiguous structural identification. Here, we interfaced online HPAEC (high performance anion-exchange
Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death, 11(7), 1161-1173 (2006-05-16)
Cholesterol is essential for cell viability, and homeostasis of cellular cholesterol is crucial to various cell functions. Here we examined the effect of cholesterol depletion on apoptosis and the mechanisms underlying this effect in NIH3T3 cells. We show that chronic
The conifer Picea abies (Norway spruce) defends itself against herbivores and pathogens with a terpenoid-based oleoresin composed chiefly of monoterpenes (C(10)) and diterpenes (C(20)). An important group of enzymes in oleoresin biosynthesis are the short-chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthases that produce
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