JC polyomavirus (JCV) persistently infects the urinary tract of most adults. Under conditions of immune impairment, JCV causes an opportunistic brain disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). JCV strains found in the cerebrospinal fluid of PML patients contain distinctive mutations in
The Journal of experimental medicine, 211(6), 1019-1025 (2014-05-07)
There is currently no paradigm in immunology that enables an accurate prediction of how the immune system will respond to any given agent. Here we show that the immunological responses induced by members of a broad class of inorganic crystalline
Germline or B-cell-specific loss of Ptpn6 gene encoding the Shp1 protein tyrosine phosphatase leads to skewed B lymphopoiesis and systemic autoimmunity. Here, to study its role in B-cell terminal differentiation, we generated Ptpn6(f/f)Aicda(Cre/+) mice with Shp1 ablated only in activated
The Journal of experimental medicine, 211(7), 1297-1305 (2014-06-11)
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells access the B cell follicle to promote antibody responses and are particularly important for germinal center (GC) reactions. However, the molecular mechanisms of how Tfh cells are physically associated with GCs are incompletely understood. We
Epitope content plays a critical role in determining T-cell and antibody responses to vaccines, biomaterials, and protein therapeutics, but its effects are nonlinear and difficult to isolate. Here, molecular self-assembly is used to build a vaccine with precise control over
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