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L9647

Sigma-Aldrich

Limonin

from citrus seeds, >90% (HPLC)

Synonym(s):

Citrolimonin, Dictamnolactone, Evodin, Limonoic acid 3,19:16,17 dilactone, Obaculactone

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C26H30O8
CAS Number:
1180-71-8
Molecular Weight:
470.51
MDL number:
MFCD00075922
UNSPSC Code:
12352205
PubChem Substance ID:
24896458
NACRES:
NA.25

biological source

citrus seeds

Quality Level

200

Assay

>90% (HPLC)

form

powder

application(s)

metabolomics
vitamins, nutraceuticals, and natural products

storage temp.

2-8°C

SMILES string

CC1(C)O[C@H]2CC(=O)OC[C@]23[C@H]4CC[C@@]5(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H]6O[C@@]56[C@]4(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]13)c7ccoc7

InChI

1S/C26H30O8/c1-22(2)15-9-16(27)24(4)14(25(15)12-31-18(28)10-17(25)33-22)5-7-23(3)19(13-6-8-30-11-13)32-21(29)20-26(23,24)34-20/h6,8,11,14-15,17,19-20H,5,7,9-10,12H2,1-4H3/t14-,15-,17-,19-,20+,23-,24-,25+,26+/m0/s1

InChI key

KBDSLGBFQAGHBE-MSGMIQHVSA-N

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General description

Limonin also known as citrolimonin and evodin, is a secondary plant metabolite present in citrus seeds at high concentrations. It is a derivative of limonoids.
Limonin may be used in assays to quantify limonin in citrus products. It may also be used in other assays as a control, standard, or competitor or in studies on the physiology, metabolism, and biosynthesis of limonin.

Application

Limonin has been used:
  • to treat human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to test its effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication
  • to test its effects as an anti-osteoporosis agent in osteoblastogenesis activity in MC3T3-E1 cells and ovariectomized (OVX) rat model
  • as a reference standard in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system

Biochem/physiol Actions

Limonin exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by downregulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/ microRNA-214 (STAT3/miR-214) signaling pathway in Ulcerative colitis (UC) condition. It is an anti-carcinogenic agent, involved in the down-regulation Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway component in in vitro studies.
Limonin is a triterpenoid aglycone that is a bitter principle of citrus fruits. It has anti-proliferative, proapoptotic activity on several cancer cell lines and inhibits azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in rats. It also inhibits HIV-1 replication in culturedf monocytes, macrophages, and mononuclear cells, perhaps by inhibition of HIV-1 protease activity.

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Wooki Kim et al.
The Journal of nutrition, 139(5), 1042-1048 (2009-03-27)
Phytochemicals may reduce chronic inflammation and cancer risk in part by modulating T-cell nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. Therefore, we examined the effects of curcumin (Cur) and limonin (Lim) feeding on NF-kappaB-dependent CD4(+) T-cell proliferation. DO11.10 transgenic mice (n = 5-7)
Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi et al.
European journal of pharmacology, 626(2-3), 139-145 (2009-09-29)
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a membrane transporter encoded by the MDR1 gene in human cells, mediates drug efflux from cells and plays a major role in causing multidrug resistance; which is one of the most accepted mechanisms for failure of chemotherapy in
Shunming Fan et al.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 24(20) (2019-10-17)
Limonin is a natural tetracyclic triterpenoid compound, which widely exists in Euodiarutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., Phellodendronchinense Schneid., and Coptischinensis Franch. Its extensive pharmacological effects have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, there is no systematic review focusing on the pharmacology
Anne M Slisz et al.
Journal of proteome research, 11(8), 4223-4230 (2012-06-16)
Huanglongbing (HLB), considered the most serious citrus disease in the world, is associated with the nonculturable bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las). Infection of citrus by this pathogen leads to reduced plant vigor and productivity, ultimately resulting in death of the
Yong-Long Han et al.
Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 25(8), 1828-1833 (2011-10-18)
Among the various possible causes for drug interactions, pharmacokinetic factors such as inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, especially cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), are regarded as the most frequent and clinically important. Limonin is a widely used
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