How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

Cell biology and toxicology (2013-03-07)

Sungwon Han, Joseph Lemire, Varun P Appanna, Christopher Auger, Zachary Castonguay, Vasu D Appanna

摘要

Metal pollutants are a global health risk due to their ability to contribute to a variety of diseases. Aluminum (Al), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant is implicated in anemia, osteomalacia, hepatic disorder, and neurological disorder. In this review, we outline how this intracellular generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers a metabolic shift towards lipogenesis in astrocytes and hepatocytes. This Al-evoked phenomenon is coupled to diminished mitochondrial activity, anerobiosis, and the channeling of α-ketoacids towards anti-oxidant defense. The resulting metabolic reconfiguration leads to fat accumulation and a reduction in ATP synthesis, characteristics that are common to numerous medical disorders. Hence, the ability of Al toxicity to create an oxidative environment promotes dysfunctional metabolic processes in astrocytes and hepatocytes. These molecular events triggered by Al-induced ROS production are the potential mediators of brain and liver disorders.

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11009

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, powder, ≥91% (complexometric)

266558

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铝, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

518573

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, granular, <1 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis

326852

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

266523

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, ReagentPlus^®, beads, 5-15 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

653608

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, powder, <5 μm particle size, 99.5% trace metals basis

338788

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, pellets, 3-12 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis

266574

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铝, foil, thickness 0.45-0.55 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

310360

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铝, ACS reagent, 99%, wire, wire diam. ~1.5 mm

326860

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铝, foil, thickness 0.13 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

266515

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铝, ≤30 μm, spherical powder, ≥99%

326887

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铝, wire, diam. 0.58 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

733369

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202584

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铝, powder, <75 μm, ≥99.95% trace metals basis

GF44675781

铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

266957

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铝, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

326941

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铝, pellets, 3-8 mesh, ≥99.999% trace metals basis

433705

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, evaporation slug, diam. × L 6.3 mm × 6.3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

GF98718935

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 1.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%

GF24569602

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 30mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF26812043

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 3.2mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

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铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 10mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF64700524

铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF95825403

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 3.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%

GF12712610

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 6.0mm, 99%

GF63629219

铝, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.42mm, inside diameter 1.166mm, wall thickness 0.127mm, as drawn, 99.5%