Liquid Phase Exfoliation of Two-Dimensional Materials for Sensors and Photocatalysis-A Review.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have rewritten many disciplines of modern science and technology, both through intensive fundamental research. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive summary of the properties, synthesis, characterization, and application of 2D materials (Graphene, Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and transition dichalcogenide (TMD'S) in the context of electrochemistry and related scientific fields. 2D material nanosheets have been characterized by using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, FT-IR Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. 2D materials application revealed photo catalysis and sensors. Bottom-up approach and top-down methods have been proposed for exfoliation of layered materials. Graphene synthesis by chemical vapor deposition and transfer by roll-to-roll process or top-down method. Firstly, the structural, electronic, optical, and physical and chemical properties, and a variety of synthesis and characterization techniques of 2D materials are presented. Manganese dioxides (crystalline material) are significantly affected by the surface area, crystallographic structure and morphology, and synthetic route of production. Secondly, current electrochemical understanding of 2D and layered materials and their modification is discussed. Although broad in scope, this review is not an exhaustive list of facts; rather, it summarizes the established knowledge and pinpoints the most promising future trends.