This product is predominantly (>95%) in the oxidized form.
C2867
Cytochrome c from equine heart
BioUltra, ≥99% (SDS-PAGE), powder, suitable for mammalian cell culture
Synonyme(s) :
Cytochrome c from horse heart
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About This Item
Numéro CAS:
Numéro CE :
Numéro MDL:
Code UNSPSC :
12352202
Nomenclature NACRES :
NA.25
Le tarif et la disponibilité ne sont pas disponibles actuellement.
Produits recommandés
Source biologique
horse heart
Gamme de produits
BioUltra
Essai
≥99% (SDS-PAGE)
Forme
powder
Poids mol.
12,384
Conditions de stockage
(Tightly closed Dry)
Technique(s)
cell culture | mammalian: suitable
Solubilité
water: 10 mg/mL, dark red-brown
Numéro d'accès UniProt
Température de stockage
−20°C
Informations sur le gène
horse ... CYCS(100053958)
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Catégories apparentées
Description générale
Application
Les sites spécifiques et l′ampleur de l′oxydation ont été caractérisés sur du cytochrome c de cheval traité par H2O2 et aux UV. Il a été suggéré que l′état de ces sites pourrait servir de biomarqueur de l′environnement oxydatif dans une cellule.
Cytochrome c from equine heart has been used to prepare a stock solution for synthesizing and calibrating biotinylated cytochrome c.[3] It has also been used as a component of the reaction buffer to stain electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV and determine its activity using blue-native gel electrophoresis.[4]
Actions biochimiques/physiologiques
Le cytochrome c est principalement connu comme protéine mitochondriale transporteuse d′électrons. La transition du cytochrome c de la forme ferreuse à la forme ferrique à l′intérieur de la cellule fait de lui un transporteur d′électrons biologique efficace. Il joue également un rôle vital dans l′oxydation cellulaire chez les plantes et les animaux. Il est généralement considéré comme un catalyseur universel de la respiration, car il forme un pont d'électrons essentiel entre les substrats respirables et l′oxygène.
Cytochrome C (Cyt C) acts as a potent signaling molecule of apoptosis by activating caspase 3, a death protease. It plays a role in heme-binding with the help of cytochrome c heme lyase which facilitates its release into the mitochondrial intermembrane space.[1] Cyt C also exhibits lipid-binding by interacting with cardiolipin, a phospholipid that initiates protein unfolding and activates the peroxidase function in Cyt C.[5]
Notes préparatoires
A further purification of C2506
Prepared using TCA.
Autres remarques
Pour en savoir plus sur le cytochrome c et le transport d′électrons, rendez-vous sur www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.
Code de la classe de stockage
11 - Combustible Solids
Classe de danger pour l'eau (WGK)
WGK 3
Point d'éclair (°F)
Not applicable
Point d'éclair (°C)
Not applicable
Équipement de protection individuelle
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
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Certificats d'analyse (COA)
Lot/Batch Number
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Les clients ont également consulté
Yuning Hong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(45), 18713-18723 (2012-10-17)
Interactions of cytochrome c (cyt c) with cardiolipin (CL) partially unfold the protein, activating its peroxidase function, a critical event in the execution of apoptosis. However, structural features of the altered protein species in the heterogeneous ensemble are difficult to
Bradford G Hill et al.
Free radical biology & medicine, 47(6), 675-683 (2009-06-17)
Protein thiol modifications occur under both physiological and pathological conditions and have been shown to contribute to changes in protein structure, function, and redox signaling. The majority of protein thiol modifications occur on cysteine residues that have a low pK(a);
J Cai et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1366(1-2), 139-149 (1998-08-26)
Mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) has been found to have dual functions in controlling both cellular energetic metabolism and apoptosis. Through interaction with apoptotic protease activating factors (Apaf), cyt c can initiate the activation cascade of caspases once it is
Cytochrome c: can't live with it--can't live without it.
J C Reed
Cell, 91(5), 559-562 (1997-12-11)
Luz P Blanco et al.
Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 73(12), 2282-2292 (2021-05-14)
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular lattices composed of nucleic material bound to neutrophil granule proteins. NETs may play pathogenic roles in the development and severity of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), at least in part, through
Chromatograms
application for HPLCapplication for HPLCapplication for HPLC-
Is Product C2867, Cytochrome c, predominantly in the oxidized form or the reduced form?
1 réponse-
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How do I determine how much of Product C2867, Cytochrome c, is in the oxidized form, and how much is reduced?
1 réponse-
This is determined by a spectral assay. The detailed assay procedure (operating procedure #11252) may be requested from Sigma St. Louis Technical Service ([email protected]).
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How should I store solutions of Product C2867, Cytochrome c?
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Our general recommendations are as follows: Store at -20 °C (freezer) for up to six months. Store at 2-8 °C (refrigerator) for up to two weeks. Store at 20-25 °C (room temperature) for up to three days. According to J. Biol. Chem, 237, 2161-2174 (1962), cytochrome c is stable to boiling, and over an unusually wide range of pH values. However, it denatures readily at extreme pH (low or high), and in high concentrations of organic solvents, such as ethanol or acetone.
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What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?
1 réponse-
Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product.
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I see that you list several horse heart cytochrome c products. What are the differences, and which one should I choose?
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Product No. C2506 is prepared with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), whereas C7752 is prepared with the milder acetic acid. The TCA method may reduce the amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD) present, but tends to cause dimerization or acid-modified structures of cytochrome c. In contrast, acetic acid preparations may have slightly higher amounts of SOD, but a lower proportion of dimeric cytochrome c. So C2506 would be recommended for enzyme activity studies that require low SOD, whereas C7752 is recommended for structural studies or binding studies, or for enzyme activity studies where possible SOD contamination is not a problem. Product No. C2867 is prepared from C2506; it is a BioUtra grade product, greater than or equal to 99% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE. It is recommended when an ultra-high purity is required. Product No. C3256 is also prepared from C7752; it is isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. This fraction shows a high rate of ascorbic acid oxidation, but low activity in a cytochrome oxidase system. Product No. C7150 is also prepared from C7752; it is suitable for use as a gel filtration molecular weight marker.
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