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L2515

Sigma-Aldrich

Lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus

bacterial cell wall polymer

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About This Item

CAS Number:
56411-57-5
MDL number:
MFCD00131526
UNSPSC Code:
12352211
NACRES:
NA.25
Pricing and availability is not currently available.

biological source

Staphylococcus aureus

Quality Level

200

form

lyophilized powder

functional group

phospholipid

lipid type

polymerizable lipids

shipped in

ambient

storage temp.

2-8°C

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General description

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a linear polymer of phosphodiester-linked glycerol phosphate covalently bound to a lipid. The C2 position on the glycerol-phosphate is usually glycosylated or D-alanylated. LTA is amphipathic due to the presence of the negatively charged backbone of glycerol phosphate and the hydrophobic lipid. The lipid portion is bound hydrophobically to the cell membrane, whereas the polyglycerol phosphate portion extends into the cell wall.
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a teichoic acid attached to a lipid abundant on Gram-positive bacteria cell wall. LTA is a pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMP) recognized by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), This recognition leads to the activation of NF-kB.[1]

Application

Lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus has been used:
  • to investigate the binding properties of SpHyastatin to lipopolysaccharides and lipoteichoic acid using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
  • to measure the interleukin (IL-6) produced in splenocytes using a sandwich ELISA
  • as a toll-like receptor 2/6 (TLR2/6) agonist to explore its potential to induce tumoricidal M1 macrophage phenotype

Biochem/physiol Actions

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a complex component of cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria that are involved in a wide range of cell processes such as the stimulation of immune responses and cell signaling pathways. LTA differs between species of gram-positive bacteria. Lipoteichoic acid from Streptococcus aureus may be used to compare its structure, immunogenicity and functions versus other bacterial LTAs.
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a complex component of the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria that are implicated in a wide range of cellular processes such as the stimulation of immune responses and cell signaling pathways. LTA differs between species of Gram-positive bacteria. Lipoteichoic acid from Streptococcus aureus may be used to compare its structure, immunogenicity, and functions versus other bacterial LTAs.

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Description
Pricing

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

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Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
0000419622
0000419622
0000419623
0000419623
0000404178

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S Morath et al.
The Journal of experimental medicine, 193(3), 393-397 (2001-02-07)
Lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) have been proposed as putative Gram-positive immunostimulatory counterparts to Gram-negative lipopolysaccharides. However, LTA from Staphylococcus aureus, the clinically most frequent Gram-positive pathogen, was inactive after purification. Here, a novel isolation procedure to prepare pure (>99%) biologically active
Simin Rezania et al.
Cancer cell international, 14, 54-54 (2014-06-27)
Many types of tumors are organized in a hierarchy of heterogeneous cell populations with different molecular signature. Such heterogeneity may be associated with different responsiveness to microenvironment stimuli. In the present study, the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid
Nien-Tzu Chou et al.
Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2012, 735396-735396 (2013-01-11)
Chlorella sorokiniana (CS) is a unicellular green alga. The extracts of Chlorella have been used as treatments for relieving hypertension and modulating immune response. The detailed mechanisms are not clear yet. In this study, we sought to study the molecular
Varenka J Barbero-Becerra et al.
World journal of gastroenterology, 17(10), 1317-1325 (2011-04-02)
To study the role of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in the pathogenesis of liver injury, specifically the activation of inflammatory mediators. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 20 out-patients were studied, 10 of them with cirrhosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were
Gopinath Kasetty et al.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 55(6), 2880-2890 (2011-03-16)
Peptides of the C-terminal region of human thrombin are released upon proteolysis and identified in human wounds. In this study, we wanted to investigate minimal determinants, as well as structural features, governing the antimicrobial and immunomodulating activity of this peptide
View All Related Papers

Questions

1–4 of 4 Questions  

  1. How is shipping temperature determined? And how is it related to the product storage temperature?

    1 answer

    1. Products may be shipped at a different temperature than the recommended long-term storage temperature. If the product quality is sensitive to short-term exposure to conditions other than the recommended long-term storage, it will be shipped on wet or dry-ice. If the product quality is NOT affected by short-term exposure to conditions other than the recommended long-term storage, it will be shipped at ambient temperature. As shipping routes are configured for minimum transit times, shipping at ambient temperature helps control shipping costs for our customers. For more information, please refer to the Storage and Transport Conditions document: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/316/622/storage-transport-conditions-mk.pdf

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  2. How can I determine the shelf life / expiration / retest date of this product?

    1 answer

    1. If this product has an expiration or retest date, it will be shown on the Certificate of Analysis (COA, CofA). If there is no retest or expiration date listed on the product's COA, we do not have suitable stability data to determine a shelf life. For these products, the only date on the COA will be the release date; a retest, expiration, or use-by-date will not be displayed.
      For all products, we recommend handling per defined conditions as printed in our product literature and website product descriptions. We recommend that products should be routinely inspected by customers to ensure they perform as expected.
      For products without retest or expiration dates, our standard warranty of 1 year from the date of shipment is applicable.
      For more information, please refer to the Product Dating Information document: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/449/386/product-dating-information-mk.pdf

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  3. What method was used to extract LTA?

    1 answer

    1. The specific methodology for the manufacturing process of this product is proprietary. Lipoteichoic acid is a polymer derived from bacterial cell walls, meaning it is isolated from these structures. One common method discussed in literature for extracting lipoteichoic acid involves cell lysis followed by hot phenol/water extraction.

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  4. How is it bettere to resuspend the powder? Please add solubility and how to use the product in the "fiche des caractéristique"

    1 answer

    1. As mentioned in the Product Datasheet, Lipoteichoic acid is soluble in water (5 mg/ml), yielding
      a hazy colorless to faint yellow solution. This document can be located in the 'DOCUMENTATION' section under 'More Documents':
      https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/documents/175/351/l2515pis.pdf

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