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V9389

Sigma-Aldrich

Violacein

from Janthinobacterium lividum, >98% (violacein (minimum 85% violacein) and deoxyviolacein, HPLC), powder, anticancer

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C20H13N3O3
CAS Number:
548-54-9
Molecular Weight:
343.34
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
NACRES:
NA.77

product name

Violacein from Janthinobacterium lividum, >98% (violacein (minimum 85% violacein) and deoxyviolacein, HPLC)

Quality Level

200

Assay

>98% (violacein (minimum 85% violacein) and deoxyviolacein, HPLC)

solubility

H2O: insoluble
acetone: soluble
ethanol: soluble
methanol: soluble

storage temp.

2-8°C

InChI

1S/C20H13N3O3/c24-10-5-6-15-12(7-10)14(9-21-15)17-8-13(19(25)23-17)18-11-3-1-2-4-16(11)22-20(18)26/h1-9,21,24H,(H,22,26)(H,23,25)/b18-13-

InChI key

XAPNKXIRQFHCHN-AQTBWJFISA-N

General description

Violacein from Janthinobacterium lividum is used as a colorant for natural and synthetic fabrics. It functions as a respiratory pigment and regulates tryptophan production. Violacein exhibits anti-protozoal activity.

Application

Violacein from Janthinobacterium lividum has been used:
  • for cell culture assays
  • as a standard to determine the crude violacein concentration in ethanol extracts of D. violaceinigra str. NI28 cultures
  • as a standard to identify violacein in the leaf samples of Nicotiana

Biochem/physiol Actions

Violacein, a violet pigment, is an indole derivative produced by various bacterial strains such as Chromobacterium violaceum, Janthinobacterium lividum, Chromobacterium lividum, and Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea. Violacein is a member of a novel class of cytotoxic drugs, which mediate apoptosis. Violacein exhibits antitumoral, antibacterial, antiulcerogenic, antileishmanial, and antiviral activities. Violacein and its β-cyclodextrin complexes trigger apoptosis and differentiation in HL60 leukemic cells. Violacein cytotoxicity is preceded by activation of caspase 8, transcription of NF-κB target genes, and p38-MAPK activation resembling TNF-α signal transduction.

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Recent research advances on Chromobacterium violaceum
Kothari V, et al.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 10(8), 744-752 (2017)
Joaquin Atalah et al.
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions, 24(1), 43-52 (2019-07-22)
Violacein is an intensely purple pigment synthesized by various genera of bacteria that has been discovered to have a wide range of interesting biological activities which range from anticarcinogenic to antibacterial. One of the hindrances for its real-life application is
A robust gene-stacking method utilizing yeast assembly for plant synthetic biology
Shih PM, et al.
Nature Communications, 7, 13215-13215 (2016)
Jerneja Ambrožič Avguštin et al.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 103(4), 763-769 (2012-11-30)
A bacterial strain designated JA-1, related to Janthinobacterium lividum, was isolated from glacier ice samples from the island Spitsbergen in the Arctic. The strain was tested for phenotypic traits and the most prominent appeared to be the dark red brown
Karla C S Queiroz et al.
PloS one, 7(10), e45362-e45362 (2012-10-17)
It is now generally recognised that different modes of programmed cell death (PCD) are intimately linked to the cancerous process. However, the mechanism of PCD involved in cancer chemoprevention is much less clear and may be different between types of
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