Sudan I is a lysochrome, a diazo-conjugate dye, used as an industrial dye, added to products such as waxes, oils, petrol, solvents and polishes. Sudan I is a category 3 carcinogen previously, now banned, used to color certain foodstuffs.
Journal of chromatography, 435(1), 113-126 (1988-01-01)
The adsorption and partition properties of several fatty acid esters of capsanthin, capsorubin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, violaxanthin and beta-citraurin isolated from fruits were studied by normal-phase (silica) and reversed-phase (octadecylsilane) liquid chromatography using Sudan 1 as internal standard. The separation on
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 401(4), 1411-1422 (2011-07-07)
Sudan dyes have been found to be added to chilli and chilli products for illegal colour enhancement purposes. Due to the possible carcinogenic effect, they are not authorized to be used in food in the European Union or the USA.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 48 Suppl 1, S106-S111 (2010-02-02)
Sudan I is generally considered mutagenic based on various in vitro and in vivo tests and is carcinogenic in the rat. Dose-response modelling of the data for hepatocellular adenomas in male rats gave a BMDL(10) of 7.3mg/kg-bw/day. Sudan I is
Chemical research in toxicology, 26(2), 290-299 (2013-01-08)
Sudan I (1-phenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthol) is a suspected human carcinogen causing tumors in the livers and urinary bladders of rats, mice, and rabbits. Here, we investigated for the first time the influence of Sudan I exposure on the expression of several biotransformation
Sudan-1 and para red are industrial dyes that have been illegally added to some foodstuffs, leading to withdrawal of the adulterated products throughout the UK since 2003. This resulted in international concern that arose because Sudan-1 is classified by International
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