Currently, the Cholera Toxin is packaged in an amber glass vial.
C8052
Cholera Toxin
from Vibrio cholerae, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder, A-B type toxin
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae
Synonym(s):
CTX, Cholera enterotoxin, Choleragen
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0.5 MG
CZK 9,900.00
2 MG
CZK 13,500.00
1 MG
CZK 17,300.00
About This Item
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Product Name
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder
assay
≥90% (SDS-PAGE)
form
lyophilized powder
composition
Protein, ~5% Lowry-TCA
solubility
H2O: 10 mg/mL
storage temp.
2-8°C
Quality Level
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Related Categories
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This Item | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| form lyophilized powder | form lyophilized powder | form lyophilized powder | form lyophilized powder |
| assay ≥90% (SDS-PAGE) | assay - | assay ≥95% (SDS-PAGE) | assay - |
| Quality Level 300 | Quality Level 200 | Quality Level 300 | Quality Level 200 |
| storage temp. 2-8°C | storage temp. 2-8°C | storage temp. 2-8°C | storage temp. 2-8°C |
| solubility H2O: 10 mg/mL | solubility - | solubility H2O: 10 mg/mL | solubility H2O: soluble 10 mg/mL |
| composition Protein, ~5% Lowry-TCA | composition Protein, ~5% Lowry | composition Protein, ~5% Lowry | composition - |
General description
Cholera toxin is a member of the AB5-subunit family of toxins. It consists of a single A subunit responsible for ADP-ribosylation and five B subunits arranged as a pentameric ring with cell surface receptor binding and internalization functions. The A subunit catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs), leading to increased adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP levels. It also ADP-ribosylates transducing and tubulin.
Cholera toxin and its A subunit are commonly used to study signal transduction mechanisms due to their impact on adenylate cyclase. Additionally, cholera toxin acts as an adjuvant by stimulating B lymphocytes and T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting interleukin-12 production. The non-toxic B subunit (CTB) attaches to cells by binding to ganglioside GM1, making it a useful label for microglial cells in neurological research. It has also proved to be an excellent tracer for axonal transport studies using immunohistochemical methods.
Cholera toxin and its A subunit are commonly used to study signal transduction mechanisms due to their impact on adenylate cyclase. Additionally, cholera toxin acts as an adjuvant by stimulating B lymphocytes and T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting interleukin-12 production. The non-toxic B subunit (CTB) attaches to cells by binding to ganglioside GM1, making it a useful label for microglial cells in neurological research. It has also proved to be an excellent tracer for axonal transport studies using immunohistochemical methods.
Application
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used in toxin neutralization assays to assess the cytotoxicity of cells.
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used as a positive control in cAMP (cyclic AMP) assay for enterotoxins. It has been added as a supplement in cell culture media of primary tumors and epithelial cells.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Toxin consisting of an A subunit (27 kDa) surrounded by five B subunits (approximately 12 kDa each), which attach the toxin to ganglioside GM1 on the cell surface.
Features and Benefits
This compound is a featured product for Cyclic Nucleotide research. Click here to discover more featured Cyclic Nucleotide products. Learn more about bioactive small molecules for other areas of research at sigma.com/discover-bsm.
Packaging
Package size based on protein content.
Physical form
Lyophilized powder containing Tris buffer salts, sodium chloride, sodium azide and sodium EDTA
Preparation Note
When reconstituted at 1 mg/mL in water, solution will contain 0.05 M Tris buffer salts, pH 7.5, 0.2 M NaCl, 0.003 M NaN3, and 0.001 M sodium EDTA. Store reconstituted solutions in the refrigerator.
signalword
Danger
hcodes
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 2 Dermal - Acute Tox. 2 Oral - Acute Tox. 4 Inhalation - Aquatic Chronic 3
Storage Class
6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials
wgk
WGK 3
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The enterotoxin T (BcET) from Bacillus cereus can probably not contribute to food poisoning.
Choma C and Granum PE
FEMS Microbiology Letters, 217, 115-115 (2002)
Nicholas F Wright et al.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 521(13), 2966-2986 (2013-03-19)
Many brain structures project to both the anteroventral thalamic nucleus and the anteromedial thalamic nucleus. In the present study, pairs of different tracers were placed into these two thalamic sites in the same rats to determine the extent to which
Contribution of CXCL12 secretion to invasion of breast cancer cells.
Boimel PJ et al.
Breast Cancer Research, 14, R23-R23 (2012)
Enhanced degradation of stimulatory G-protein (Gsalpha) by cholera toxin is mediated by ADP-ribosylation of Gsalpha protein but not by increased cyclic AMP levels
Shah BH
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 93-97 (1997)
Ligand-dependent corepressor contributes to transcriptional repression by C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor ZBRK1 through association with KRAB-associated protein-1.
Calderon MR et al.
Nucleic Acids Research, 42, 7012-7012 (2014)
Articles
Cyclic nucleotides like cAMP modulate cell function via PKA activation and ion channels.
Related Content
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How is packaged the product inside the metal can (glass, plastic pouch, absorber...)?
1 answer-
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Can I dilute the stock solution further with water 1:100 to get 10ng/ml ? if yes how to store it ?
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Dilution of the cholera toxin to 10 ng/mL in water is possible. Storage is recommended at 2-8 °C to avoid freezing, as stability in solution at -20 °C has not been determined.
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Can the solution (1mg/ml) be stored at -20?
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The stability of this product in solution at -20C is undetermined. The recommended storage for the reconstituted solution is at 2–8 °C. Please refer to the Data Sheet for more information: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/documents/110/527/c8052dat-ms.pdf
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Can the lyophilized powder be stored at room temperature prior to reconstitution?
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As listed in the Product Data Sheet, the lyophilized powder must be stored at 2–8°C. The product, as supplied, is stable for 3 years when stored properly.
Please see the Data Sheet for more information:
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/documents/110/527/c8052dat-ms.pdfHelpful?
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Hey, Can this product be reconstituted to a solution and administered to mice for systemic upregulation of immune cells?
1 answer-
This product has not been tested for use in animal models, however, the preparation does contain sodium azide as a preservative. Azide is reported to have an LD50 of 19 mg/kg in mouse by I.V. route. This is not a sterile preparation, solutions would require filter sterilization prior to in vitro or in vivo use. Please see the link below to review the product datasheet:
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/documents/110/527/c8052dat-ms.pdfPlease see the following link to review a publication regarding the toxicity of azides:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15563650.2021.1906888#:~:text=Within%20a%20year%20of%20its,kg%20%5B14%2C15%5D.Helpful?
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At what temperature and duration do I need to autoclave liquid with cholera toxin to be able to dispose of it?
1 answer-
Please refer to the SDS for disposal recommendations. Disposal methods are listed in section 6.3, including autoclaving, incineration, and chemical disinfection.
Consult with facility or municipal EHS authorities to ensure proper guidelines are followed. See the link below to review the SDS:
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/sds/sigma/c8052See the link below to an NIH publication that may also be helpful.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218626/Helpful?
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What is the molecular weight Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin?
1 answer-
Although the molecular weight is not part of our specifications for this product, it has been reported to be 84 kDa in Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 492, 303 (1977).
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Is Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin, sterile?
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It is not necessarily sterile, but the solution can be filter sterilized using a 0.2 micron pore size filter.
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What is the shelf life of Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin?
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Each lot of C8052 is given a retest date of three years from the QC acceptance date.
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How is the activity of Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin, expressed?
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The activity is expressed in terms of units/mg of protein and not as units/mL.
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