Journal of chromatography, 491(2), 341-354 (1989-07-21)
Methodology is described for the simultaneous determination of D-penicillamine, penicillamine disulfide and the penicillamine-glutathione mixed disulfide, as well as glutathione and glutathione disulfide, in human plasma, erythrocytes and urine. The various thiols and disulfides are separated by reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid
Determination of penicillamine in encapsulated formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography.
S Biffar et al.
Journal of chromatography, 318(2), 404-407 (1985-01-18)
Journal of inorganic biochemistry, 101(4), 594-602 (2007-02-06)
D-Penicillamine is a potent copper (Cu) chelating agent. D-Pen reduces Cu(II) to Cu(I) in the process of chelation while at the same time being oxidized to D-penicillamine disulfide. It has been proposed that hydrogen peroxide is generated during this process.
[Determination of D-penicillamine and its metabolites in blood and urine].
K Kyogoku et al.
Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 102(4), 322-327 (1982-04-01)
D-penicillamine disulfide (PNS) shows protolytic properties and is able to form complexes with cations, because it has two aminic groups and two carboxylic groups. The four protonation constants of its deprotonated species were determined by means of electromotive force (e.m.f.)
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