ATP site-targeting, potent and selective MEK5 inhibitor with in vivo efficacy in murine models of atherosclerosis, cancer, and diabetes.
BIX02189 is an ATP site-targeting, potent and selective MEK5 inhibitor (IC50 =1.5 nM, [ATP] = 750 nM) with much reduced or no potency against 79 other kinases (CSF1R (FMS)/ERK5/Lck/Jak3/TGFβR1/RPS6KA6 (RSK4) IC50 = 46/59/250/440/580/990 nM, MEK1/MEK2/ERK2/JNK2/EGFR/STK16 IC50 >6.2 μM). BIX02189 blocks cellular ERK5, but not ERK1/2 or p38, phosphorylation induction (IC50 <1 μM in sorbitol-stimulated HeLa), as well as downstream MEF2C transcriptional activation (IC50 = 0.53/0.26 μM, MEK5/ERK5/MEF2C HeLa/HEK293 reporter cells). BIX02189 in vivo efficacies are demonstrated in murine models of atherosclerosis, cancer, and diabetes (10-20 mg/kg i.p.).
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) promotes tumor metastasis by inducing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of BIX02189 and XMD8-92, pharmacologic inhibitors of the MEK5 [mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)5] signaling pathway, on
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes, and causes pathological changes in retina blood vessels, as the most common cause of vision loss. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) is the newest discovered member in the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)
Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced murine models of type 1 diabetes have been used to examine ER stress during pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, as this ER stress plays important roles in the pathogenesis and development of the disease. However, the mechanisms linking type 1
Changes in metabolism require the efflux and influx of a diverse variety of metabolites. The ABC superfamily of transporters regulates the exchange of hundreds of substrates through the impermeable cell membrane. We show here that a metabolic switch to oxidative
Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) has been implicated during development and carcinogenesis. Nkx3.1-mediated Cre expression is a useful strategy to genetically manipulate the mouse prostate. While grossly normal at birth, we observed an unexpected phenotype of spinal protrusion in
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