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B7651

Sigma-Aldrich

Brefeldin A

from Penicillium brefeldianum, ≥99% (HPLC and TLC), powder, activator of the sphingomyelin cycle

Synonym(s):

Nectrolide, γ,4-Dihydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-4-cyclopentanecrotonic acid λ-lactone, Ascotoxin, BFA, Cyanein, Decumbin

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C16H24O4
CAS Number:
20350-15-6
Molecular Weight:
280.36
Beilstein:
25191
MDL number:
MFCD12913297
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
24278285
NACRES:
NA.77

product name

Brefeldin A, from Penicillium brefeldianum, ≥99% (HPLC and TLC)

biological source

Penicillium brefeldianum

Quality Level

300

Assay

≥99% (HPLC and TLC)

form

powder

solubility

DMSO: 10 mg/mL

antibiotic activity spectrum

neoplastics

Mode of action

protein synthesis | interferes

storage temp.

2-8°C

SMILES string

C[C@H]1CCC\C=C\[C@@H]2C[C@H](O)C[C@H]2[C@H](O)\C=C\C(=O)O1

InChI

1S/C16H24O4/c1-11-5-3-2-4-6-12-9-13(17)10-14(12)15(18)7-8-16(19)20-11/h4,6-8,11-15,17-18H,2-3,5,9-10H2,1H3/b6-4+,8-7+/t11-,12+,13-,14+,15+/m0/s1

InChI key

KQNZDYYTLMIZCT-KQPMLPITSA-N

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General description

Brefeldin A (BFA) is a fungal metabolite containing a 13-membered macrocyclic lactone ring. It inhibits protein and nucleic acid synthesis. BFA blocks the exchange of GDP for GTP on adenosine ribosylation factors (ARFs), thereby hindering the binding of coat protein (β-COP) and consequently disrupts the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. BFA is an activator of the sphingomyelin cycle. Brefeldin A-mediated apoptosis has been observed in human tumor cells. Brefeldin A has been shown to increase CRISPR-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) efficiency. It demonstrates a diverse array of biological functions, including antitumor, antiviral, antibiotic, antimitotic, antifungal and antinematodal properties.

Application

Brefeldin A has been used to:



  • increase CRISPR genome editing efficiency.
  • facilitate the measurement of cytokine production
  • block intracellular transports in cell culture experiments

Biochem/physiol Actions

Brefeldin A (BFA) is a fungal metabolite which disrupts the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. BFA is an activator of the sphingomyelin cycle. Brefeldin A-mediated apoptosis has been observed in human tumor cells.
Brefeldin A has been shown to increase CRISPR-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) efficiency.

Pictograms

Skull and crossbones
GHS06

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H301

Precautionary Statements

P301 + P310

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 3 Oral

Storage Class Code

6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Concise Total Syntheses of (+)-Brefeldin A, Diastereomers and Analogs and Their Biological Activity
Dr. Mikhail K. Klychnikov et.al.,
Chemistry?A European Journal , 1 (2023)
Vyoma K Patel et al.
Atherosclerosis, 263, 15-23 (2017-06-02)
Atherogenesis is dependent upon monocyte influx into the vessel wall. In humans, three monocyte subsets exist, the number and function of which are significantly altered in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether such alterations arise in individuals with a perturbed lipid profile
Kensuke Shibata et al.
Blood, 118(3), 586-593 (2011-05-25)
Unlike conventional T cells, which are exported from the thymus as naive cells and acquire effector functions upon antigen encounter in the periphery, a subset of γδ T cells differentiates into effectors that produce IL-17 within the fetal thymus. We
Antonio Riva et al.
Frontiers in physiology, 12, 632502-632502 (2021-03-30)
Immunoregulatory checkpoint receptors (CR) contribute to the profound immunoparesis observed in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and in vitro neutralization of inhibitory-CRs TIM3/PD1 on anti-bacterial T-cells can rescue innate and adaptive anti-bacterial immunity. Recently described soluble-CR forms can modulate immunity in
Marco Lepore et al.
Nature communications, 5, 3866-3866 (2014-05-17)
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant in humans and recognize conserved bacterial antigens derived from riboflavin precursors, presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class I-like molecule MR1. Here we show that human MAIT cells are remarkably oligoclonal in both the
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