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D9542

Sigma-Aldrich

DAPI

DAPI

for nucleic acid staining

Synonym(s):

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride, 2-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride, DAPI dihydrochloride

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1 MG
R$56.00
5 MG
R$266.00
10 MG
R$409.00
50 MG
R$1,777.00

R$56.00

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1 MG
R$56.00
5 MG
R$266.00
10 MG
R$409.00
50 MG
R$1,777.00

About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C16H15N5 · 2HCl
CAS Number:
28718-90-3
Molecular Weight:
350.25
Beilstein:
4894417
EC Number:
249-186-7
MDL number:
MFCD00012681
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
24894305
NACRES:
NA.52

R$56.00

In StockDetails

Request a Bulk Order

grade

for molecular biology

Quality Level

300

Assay

≥98% (HPLC)

form

powder

technique(s)

transfection: suitable

solubility

H2O: 20 mg/mL
PBS: insoluble

ε (extinction coefficient)

30 at 263 nm in H2O at 1 mM

fluorescence

λex 340 nm; λem 488 nm (nur DAPI)
λex 364 nm; λem 454 nm (DAPI-DNA-Komplex)

suitability

suitable for fluorescence

storage temp.

2-8°C

SMILES string

Cl.Cl.NC(=N)c1ccc(cc1)-c2cc3ccc(cc3[nH]2)C(N)=N

InChI

1S/C16H15N5.2ClH/c17-15(18)10-3-1-9(2-4-10)13-7-11-5-6-12(16(19)20)8-14(11)21-13;;/h1-8,21H,(H3,17,18)(H3,19,20);2*1H

InChI key

FPNZBYLXNYPRLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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General description

DAPI (4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) is a cell permeable, fluorescent dye that binds to DNA.
heat or sonication may be required. Solutions stored in the dark at room temperature or 4 °C should be stable for 2 to 3 weeks.

Application

DAPI is several times more sensitive than ethidium bromide for staining DNA in agarose gels. It may be used for photofootprinting of DNA, to detect annealed probes in blotting applications by specifically visualizing the double-stranded complex, and to study the changes in DNA and analyze DNA content during apoptosis using flow cytometry. DAPI staining has also been shown to be a sensitive and specific detection method for mycoplasma.
Suitable for
  • DNA staining in agarose gels
  • analysis of changes in DNA during apoptosis
  • detection of mycoplasma
  • photofootprinting of DNA
  • immunofluorescent staining of cells

DAPI has been used:-
  • in rapid monitoring of microbial contamination[1]
  • in chromosomal banding technique[2]
  • in detection of apoptotic cells[3]
  • in fluorescence microscopy to track the DisA (DNA integritiy scanning protein) movement on Bacillus subtilis DNA[4]
  • to stain mature pollen grains(0.5 mg/ml)[5]

Biochem/physiol Actions

Cell permeable fluorescent minor groove-binding probe for DNA. Binds to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA (preferentially to AT rich DNA), forming a stable complex which fluoresces approximately 20 times greater than DAPI alone.

Caution

Protect from light.

Other Notes

2024 CiteAb Award Winner for Supplier Succeeding in Parkinson′s Research

related product

Product No.
Description
Pricing

Pictograms

Exclamation mark
GHS07

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statements

H315,H317,H335

Hazard Classifications

Skin Irrit. 2 - Skin Sens. 1A - STOT SE 3

Target Organs

Respiratory system

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Choose from one of the most recent versions:

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
0000359790
0000355395
0000340716
0000340717
0000320033

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Yan Li et al.
Toxicology letters, 154(3), 225-233 (2004-10-27)
Excessive exposure to synthetic and endogenous estrogens has been associated with the development of cancer in several tissues including the breast. 4-Hydroxyequilenin (4-OHEN), a major catechol metabolite of equine estrogens present in Premarin, an estrogen replacement formulation, has been shown
Michal Bejerano-Sagie et al.
Cell, 125(4), 679-690 (2006-05-23)
In response to DNA damage, cells activate checkpoint signaling cascades to control cell-cycle progression and elicit DNA repair in order to maintain genomic integrity. The sensing and repair of lesions is critical for Bacillus subtilis cells entering the developmental process
K Nakajima et al.
Letters in applied microbiology, 40(2), 128-132 (2005-01-13)
To apply fluorescent staining method for fast assessment of microbial quality of herbal medicines. The number of total bacteria and esterase-active bacteria on powdered traditional Chinese medicines were enumerated by fluorescent staining method using 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (6CFDA) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)
R Howden et al.
Genetics, 149(2), 621-631 (1998-06-11)
As a strategy for the identification of T-DNA-tagged gametophytic mutants, we have used T-DNA insertional mutagenesis based on screening for distorted segregation ratios by antibiotic selection. Screening of approximately 1000 transgenic Arabidopsis families led to the isolation of eight lines
Christy A Itoga et al.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 527(15), 2474-2487 (2019-03-13)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is an essential, evolutionarily-conserved stress neuropeptide. In addition to hypothalamus, CRH is expressed in brain regions including amygdala and hippocampus where it plays crucial roles in modulating the function of circuits underlying emotion and cognition. CRH+ fibers
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Questions

1–10 of 11 Questions  

  1. What is the working dilution of DAPI that should be used to stain the nuclei of human cells?

    1 answer

    1. Typical working concentration of DAPI used in most applications is 0.1μg/mL-10μg/mL. Please see the link below to review the product datasheet:
      https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/documents/774/984/d9564pis.pdf

      Please see the link below to review a sample protocol from Cold Spring Harbor:
      https://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2011/1/pdb.prot5556.long

      Helpful?

  2. what kind of the water used to dissolve DAPI? and what's the temperature should be dissolve the water?

    1 answer

    1. This product is soluble at 20 mg/mL in water at ambient temperature. No specific water type or treatment is required. Deionized water is typically used for laboratory applications.

      Please see the link below to review the product data sheet:
      https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/documents/392/209/d9542pis.pdf

      Helpful?

  3. What is the suggested concentration for product D9542-1MG?

    1 answer

    1. The suggested concentration for product D9542-1MG, DAPI, is in the range of 0.5 to 5 ug/ml.

      Helpful?

  4. What is the suitable DAPI for immunofluorescence staining of free-floating rat brain sections?

    1 answer

    1. Several DAPI products are suitable for staining free-floating rat brain sections. The same DAPI used for staining mycoplasma, cultured cells, or other cell types can be used for this purpose. Any of the DAPI products listed on the website should be suitable for this use.

      Helpful?

  5. Can the stain concentration be used for staining fish scales and any animal cells for ICC?

    1 answer

    1. Yes, DAPI can be used to stain fish scale nuclei. While specific data regarding the concentration and duration for staining fish scale nuclei is not available, it is suggested to start with a working concentration of around 0.5 mg/ml and optimize the staining for each specific cell type, as different cells may uptake the dye at varying rates. It is also advisable to try staining at both higher and lower concentrations. For staining mammalian cells, lower concentrations are typically used.

      Helpful?

  6. 肝細胞を染める染色プロトコルを教えてください。

    1 answer

    1. Please see the link below to review the product datasheet, which includes basic protocols:
      https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/documents/392/209/d9542pis.pdf

      A protocol specifically for hepatocyte staining is not available. However, the publication shown at the link below may be helpful:
      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5671579/

      Helpful?

  7. What is the stability of  D9542, 4´,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride?

    1 answer

    1. Product D9542, 4´,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride has a stability of 3 years as supplied. The product in solution is also stable in the dark at 4°C and showed no signs of degradation after three weeks at room temperature in the dark.  Material exposed to light showed significant degradation. We have developed an HPLC method for our DAPI products that shows reassay results from July 2012 for lots that were originally released for sale in December 2008, for both D9542 (DAPI dihydrochloride) and D9564 (DAPI dilactate).

      Helpful?

  8. What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?

    1 answer

    1. Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product.

      Helpful?

  9. Aside from the applications described on the product page, how is D9542, 4´,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI), used?

    1 answer

    1. DAPI is used as a nuclear counterstain in our FISH protocol at 2 μg/mL in antifade mounting media. DAPI can also be used as a vital dye to stain mature pollen grains (0.5 μg/mL). DAPI can bind to RNA, but its selectivity for DNA over RNA is high.  It appears that DAPI uses an intercalating binding mode with RNA that is AU selective (Biochem., 31, 3103 (1992)). Selectivity of DAPI for DNA over RNA is greater than that shown by ethidium bromide and propidium iodide (Nucleic Acid Research, 6, 3535 (1979))

      Helpful?

  10. How should D9542, 4´,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI), be stored once in solution, and for how long would it be good?

    1 answer

    1. Solutions stored in the dark at room temperature have been stable for 2-3 weeks, but solutions exposed to light for the same time period have shown considerable degradation.  At 1 mg/mL, solutions are stable in the dark at 2-8 °C for several weeks.  For long-term storage, the solutions can be divided into aliquots and stored at -20 °C.

      Helpful?

1–10 of 11 Questions  

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