Retinoic acid receptors are important in the regulation of growth and differentiation of epithelial tissues, embryonic and central nervous system development and hematopoiesis. Retinoids mediate their effect by two classes of nuclear receptor proteins, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), that each consist of three isotypes ( α, β, and γ) encoded in separate genes. Upon dimerization with RXR, RARs can bind to specific enhancer sequences in the DNA, so-called retinoic acid response elements (RAREs), resulting in transcriptional activation of target genes in the presence of ligand. The RAR-gamma in the adult is found almost exclusively in the skin. Retinoids affect epidermal cell growth and differentiation as well as sebaceous gland activity and exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Current retinoid research targets the development of receptor-selective retinoids for tailoring and/or improving their therapeutic profile.
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Clear and colorless frozen liquid solution
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Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. While working, please keep sample on ice.
Trends in biochemical sciences, 17(10), 427-433 (1992-10-01)
Complexity in the retinoid signalling system arises from a combination of several forms of retinoic acid, multiple cytoplasmic binding proteins and nuclear receptors, and the existence of polymorphic retinoic acid response elements. Additional diversity appears to be generated by heterodimeric
Nonsteroid nuclear receptors: what are genetic studies telling us about their role in real life?
P Kastner et al.
Cell, 83(6), 859-869 (1995-12-15)
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