Levamisole, an antihelminthic drug used to treat worm infestations in humans and animals, is an adulterant and cutting agent found in cocaine sold in the US and Canada. From 2008-2009, levamisole was detected in 69% of cocaine samples seized by the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
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Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 69(6), 954-959 (2013-10-01)
Levamisole is present as a contaminant or additive in most cocaine sold in the United States. Cases of agranulocytosis attributed to levamisole-tainted cocaine have been widely described. A vasculopathic reaction to levamisole has also been reported; however, diagnostic features such as
Tropical animal health and production, 45(3), 743-749 (2012-10-16)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic and antimicrobial efficacy of Euphorbia helioscopia crude extracts. A worm motility inhibition assay and egg hatch assay were used for in vitro study, and a faecal egg count reduction assay
Inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising addition to current cancer treatment strategies. Neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor by monoclonal antibodies is clinically effective but may cause side effects due to thrombosis. Low molecular weight angiogenesis inhibitors are currently less
Current opinion in rheumatology, 25(1), 50-55 (2012-12-01)
Cocaine use is associated with several rheumatic syndromes. This review summarizes these clinical manifestations and highlights recent developments linked to levamisole-adulterated cocaine. Cocaine use has been linked to several distinctive syndromes that can be difficult to distinguish from idiopathic rheumatic
Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 71(3), 487-492 (2013-01-10)
Systemic complications of levamisole-adulterated cocaine (LAC) use have recently been described. The objective of this review is to increase awareness of these manifestations among oral and maxillofacial surgeons. LAC exposure through inhalation, nasal insufflation, or injection can induce cutaneous vasculopathy
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