Skip to Content
Merck

Tadpole toxicity prediction using chromatographic systems.

Journal of chromatography. A (2015-10-05)
Alejandro Fernández-Pumarega, Susana Amézqueta, Elisabet Fuguet, Martí Rosés
ABSTRACT

Toxicity has been emulated in tadpole species through chromatographic systems. The parameter studied to evaluate the non-specific toxicity of a compound is the narcosis concentration (Cnar), which is defined as the concentration needed for the immobilization of the organism. Because experimental investigation with animals is lengthy, costly, technically difficult, and ethically questionable, there is a great interest in developing surrogate physicochemical systems able to emulate biological systems to obtain the same information in a faster, more economic, and easier manner. In order to see which chromatographic systems would be able to emulate tadpole narcosis, both, tadpole narcosis data and data in several chromatographic and electrophoretic systems, were fitted to a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model. Thus, by comparison of the models it was possible to see which of the chromatographic systems were more similar to the biological one. The physicochemical systems that best emulate tadpole narcosis were an HPLC system based on an immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) column, and two micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) systems based on sodium taurocholate (STC) and a mixture of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and Brij 35 as surfactants. A system based on a RP18 HPLC column also was selected for comparison because it is a common column in most analytical laboratories. To establish the models, a set of compounds with known Cnar values were analyzed in the chromatographic, and electrophoretic selected systems and, then, the retention factor (k) was correlated to the concentration of narcosis. Statistics showed that the system based on STC micelles was the best to emulate toxicity in tadpoles. The robustness and predictive ability of the developed models were validated.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, HPLC Plus, ≥99.9%, poly-coated bottles
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium hydroxide-16O solution, 20 wt. % in H216O, 99.9 atom % 16O
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol-12C, 99.95 atom % 12C
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, 99.95% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, BioUltra, for molecular biology, 10% in H2O
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, BioUltra, for molecular biology, 20% in H2O
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, ≥99.5%, ACS reagent
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, anhydrous, 99.8%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, BioXtra, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, for molecular biology, ≥98.5% (titration)
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, ReagentPlus®, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, electronic grade, 99.999% trace metals basis
Supelco
Methanol solution, contains 0.10 % (v/v) formic acid, UHPLC, suitable for mass spectrometry (MS), ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.5% (T)
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, anhydrous, ≥99.0% (T)
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, ACS reagent, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, ReagentPlus®, 99%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, FCC, E 339, anhydrous, 98-100.5% (calc. to the dried substance)
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, biotech. grade, ≥99.93%
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, suitable for DNA synthesis, ≥99.9% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, ≥99.0%, free-flowing, Redi-Dri
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, Vetec, reagent grade, 99%
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile solution, contains 10.0% acetone, 0.05% formic acid, 40.0% 2-propanol
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, ≥99.0% (GC), dust-free pellets
Sigma-Aldrich
Hydrogen chloride solution, 3 M in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME)
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile solution, contains 0.05 % (w/v) ammonium formate, 5 % (v/v) water, 0.1 % (v/v) formic acid, suitable for HPLC
Supelco
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, dust-free pellets, suitable for electrophoresis, for molecular biology, ≥99.0% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile solution, contains 0.05 % (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid