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C2867
Citocromo c from equine heart
BioUltra, ≥99% (SDS-PAGE), powder, suitable for mammalian cell culture
Sinónimos:
Citocromo c from horse heart
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10 MG
US$ 295,00
50 MG
US$ 1.070,00
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10 MG
US$ 295,00
50 MG
US$ 1.070,00
About This Item
Productos recomendados
biological source
horse heart
Quality Level
product line
BioUltra
assay
≥99% (SDS-PAGE)
form
powder
mol wt
12,384
storage condition
(Tightly closed Dry)
technique(s)
cell culture | mammalian: suitable
solubility
water: 10 mg/mL, dark red-brown
UniProt accession no.
storage temp.
−20°C
Gene Information
horse ... CYCS(100053958)
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General description
Application
Se caracterizaron los sitios específicos y el grado de oxidación en el citocromo c caballo tratado con H2O2 y UV. Se sugirió que el estado de estos sitios podría utilizarse como biomarcador del entorno oxidativo de una célula.
Cytochrome c from equine heart has been used to prepare a stock solution for synthesizing and calibrating biotinylated cytochrome c.[3] It has also been used as a component of the reaction buffer to stain electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV and determine its activity using blue-native gel electrophoresis.[4]
Biochem/physiol Actions
Cytochrome C (Cyt C) acts as a potent signaling molecule of apoptosis by activating caspase 3, a death protease. It plays a role in heme-binding with the help of cytochrome c heme lyase which facilitates its release into the mitochondrial intermembrane space.[1] Cyt C also exhibits lipid-binding by interacting with cardiolipin, a phospholipid that initiates protein unfolding and activates the peroxidase function in Cyt C.[5]
El citocromo c se conoce fundamentalmente como una proteína mitocondrial transportadora de electrones. La transición del citocromo c entre los estados ferroso y férrico dentro de la célula la convierte en un eficiente transportador biológico de electrones y desempeña un papel vital en las oxidaciones celulares tanto en plantas como en animales. Se considera generalmente como un catalizador universal de la respiración, formando un puente de electrones esencial entre los sustratos respirables y el oxígeno
Preparation Note
A further purification of C2506
Prepared using TCA.
Other Notes
Encontrará más información sobre el citocromo c y el transporte de electrones en www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.
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Storage Class
11 - Combustible Solids
wgk_germany
WGK 3
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
ppe
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
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Certificados de análisis (COA)
Lot/Batch Number
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Los clientes también vieron
Yuning Hong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(45), 18713-18723 (2012-10-17)
Interactions of cytochrome c (cyt c) with cardiolipin (CL) partially unfold the protein, activating its peroxidase function, a critical event in the execution of apoptosis. However, structural features of the altered protein species in the heterogeneous ensemble are difficult to
Bradford G Hill et al.
Free radical biology & medicine, 47(6), 675-683 (2009-06-17)
Protein thiol modifications occur under both physiological and pathological conditions and have been shown to contribute to changes in protein structure, function, and redox signaling. The majority of protein thiol modifications occur on cysteine residues that have a low pK(a);
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Background Myocardial iron deficiency (MID) in heart failure (HF) remains largely unexplored. We aim to establish defining criterion for MID, evaluate its pathophysiological role, and evaluate the applicability of monitoring it non-invasively in human explanted hearts. Methods and Results Biventricular
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Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a dysfunctional DNA repair and an oxidative stress accumulation due to defective mitochondrial energy metabolism, not counteracted by endogenous antioxidant defenses, which appear down-expressed compared to the control. Since the
Chromatograms
application for HPLCapplication for HPLCapplication for HPLC-
What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?
1 answer-
Helpful?
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I see that you list several horse heart cytochrome c products. What are the differences, and which one should I choose?
1 answer-
Product No. C2506 is prepared with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), whereas C7752 is prepared with the milder acetic acid. The TCA method may reduce the amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD) present, but tends to cause dimerization or acid-modified structures of cytochrome c. In contrast, acetic acid preparations may have slightly higher amounts of SOD, but a lower proportion of dimeric cytochrome c. So C2506 would be recommended for enzyme activity studies that require low SOD, whereas C7752 is recommended for structural studies or binding studies, or for enzyme activity studies where possible SOD contamination is not a problem. Product No. C2867 is prepared from C2506; it is a BioUtra grade product, greater than or equal to 99% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE. It is recommended when an ultra-high purity is required. Product No. C3256 is also prepared from C7752; it is isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. This fraction shows a high rate of ascorbic acid oxidation, but low activity in a cytochrome oxidase system. Product No. C7150 is also prepared from C7752; it is suitable for use as a gel filtration molecular weight marker.
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How do I determine how much of Product C2867, Cytochrome c, is in the oxidized form, and how much is reduced?
1 answer-
This is determined by a spectral assay. The detailed assay procedure (operating procedure #11252) may be requested from Sigma St. Louis Technical Service ([email protected]).
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How should I store solutions of Product C2867, Cytochrome c?
1 answer-
Our general recommendations are as follows: Store at -20 °C (freezer) for up to six months. Store at 2-8 °C (refrigerator) for up to two weeks. Store at 20-25 °C (room temperature) for up to three days. According to J. Biol. Chem, 237, 2161-2174 (1962), cytochrome c is stable to boiling, and over an unusually wide range of pH values. However, it denatures readily at extreme pH (low or high), and in high concentrations of organic solvents, such as ethanol or acetone.
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Is Product C2867, Cytochrome c, predominantly in the oxidized form or the reduced form?
1 answer-
This product is predominantly (>95%) in the oxidized form.
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