Tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) nanosheets are an attractive choice for creating stable and high-performance perovskite solar cells due to its wide bandgap, increased electron mobility, and high stability. SnO2 has a higher bandgap (at 3.8 eV), and the conduction band edge exhibits a 300 mV positive shift compared to TiO2, which results in lower photocatalytic activity and higher device stability. The charge mobility of SnO2 is almost two orders of magnitude higher than that of TiO2 and has a lower trap density than TiO2. Finally, SnO2 nanosheets materials have an advantage over typical TiO2 materials in flexible and low-temperature applications.
The extension of the light absorption of photovoltaics into the near-infrared region is important to increase the energy conversion efficiency. Although the progress of the lead halide perovskite solar cells is remarkable, and high conversion efficiency of >20% has been
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