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  • Dendrimer-like assemblies based on organoclays as multi-host system for sustained drug delivery.

Dendrimer-like assemblies based on organoclays as multi-host system for sustained drug delivery.

European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V (2014-10-14)
Wei Li, Lili Sun, Lijun Pan, Zuopin Lan, Tao Jiang, Xiaolan Yang, Jianchun Luo, Ronghua Li, Liqing Tan, Shurong Zhang, Mingan Yu
ABSTRACT

Chemical modification of nanoclay will ensure further progress on these materials. In this work, we show that montmorillonite (MTM) nanosheets can be modified with β-cyclodextrin (CD) via a nucleophilic substitution reaction between mono-6-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-6-deoxy-β-CD and an amino group of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized MTM. The resulting MTM-APTES-CD can be further self-assembled into dendrimer-like assemblies, exhibit a well-dispersed property even in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline and do not aggregate for a period of at least 20days. The structure, morphology and assembly mechanism are systematically studied by (29)Si MAS NMR, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, SEM, FE-TEM, DLS and AFM, and the change in assemblies during the drug release is monitored using FE-TEM images. MTT assays indicate that the assemblies only have low cytotoxicity, while CLSM and TEM observations reveal that the assemblies can easily penetrate cultured human endothelial cells. When clopidogrel is used as a guest molecule, the assemblies show not only much higher loading capacities compared to MTM and other containing β-CD assemblies or nanoparticles, but also a sustained release of clopidogrel up to 30days. This is attributed to the fact that the guest molecule is both supramolecularly complexed within the dendritic scaffold and intercalated into CD and MTM hosts. Host-guest systems between assemblies and various guests hold promising applications in drug delivery system and in the biomedical fields.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

USP
Clopidogrel bisulfate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Clopidogrel Bisulfate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, packaged for use in deposition systems, ≥98%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Dimethyl sulfoxide, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.5% (GC)
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride, reagent grade, ≥98%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, 99%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
8-Octanoyloxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt, suitable for fluorescence, ≥90% (HPCE)
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Dimethyl sulfoxide, analytical standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride, ReagentPlus®, ≥99%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Dimethyl sulfoxide, anhydrous, ≥99.9%
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Dimethyl sulfoxide, meets EP testing specifications, meets USP testing specifications
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Dimethyl sulfoxide, ≥99.5% (GC), suitable for plant cell culture
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Dimethyl sulfoxide, for molecular biology
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Dimethyl sulfoxide, Hybri-Max, sterile-filtered, BioReagent, suitable for hybridoma, ≥99.7%
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Dimethyl sulfoxide, PCR Reagent
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Sigma-Aldrich
Dimethyl sulfoxide, sterile-filtered, BioPerformance Certified, meets EP, USP testing specifications, suitable for hybridoma
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, ≥98%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
(S)-(+)-Clopidogrel hydrogensulfate, ≥98% (HPLC)
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, ≥98.0%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
Dimethyl sulfoxide, for inorganic trace analysis, ≥99.99995% (metals basis)
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Dimethyl sulfoxide, puriss. p.a., dried, ≤0.02% water
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
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Dimethyl sulfoxide, ReagentPlus®, ≥99.5%
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Dimethyl sulfoxide, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, ≥99.9% (GC)
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Dimethyl sulfoxide, ACS reagent, ≥99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Dimethyl sulfoxide, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Dimethyl sulfoxide, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.7%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Clopidogrel for system suitability, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
USP
Dimethyl sulfoxide, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.