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  • Functionalized nanoscale micelles with brain targeting ability and intercellular microenvironment biosensitivity for anti-intracranial infection applications.

Functionalized nanoscale micelles with brain targeting ability and intercellular microenvironment biosensitivity for anti-intracranial infection applications.

Advanced healthcare materials (2014-08-16)
Kun Shao, Yu Zhang, Ning Ding, Shixian Huang, Jiqin Wu, Jianfeng Li, Chunfu Yang, Qibin Leng, Liya Ye, Jinning Lou, Liping Zhu, Chen Jiang
ABSTRACT

Due to complication factors such as blood-brain barrier (BBB), integrating high efficiency of brain target ability with specific cargo releasing into one nanocarrier seems more important. A brain targeting nanoscale system is developed using dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) as targeting moiety. DHA has high affinity with GLUT1 on BBB. More importantly, the GLUT1 transportation of DHA represents a "one-way" accumulative priority from blood into brain. The artificial micelles are fabricated by a disulfide linkage, forming a bio-responsive inner barrier, which can maintain micelles highly stable in circulation and shield the leakage of entrapped drug before reaching the targeting cells. The designed micelles can cross BBB and be further internalized by brain cells. Once within the cells, the drug release can be triggered by high intracellular level of glutathione (GSH). Itraconazole (ITZ) is selected as the model drug because of its poor brain permeability and low stability in blood. It demonstrates that the functionalized nanoscale micelles can achieve highly effective direct drug delivery to targeting site. Based on the markedly increased stability in blood circulation and improved brain delivery efficiency of ITZ, DHA-modified micelles show highly effective in anti-intracranial infection. Therefore, this smart nanodevice shows a promising application for the treatment of brain diseases.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Itraconazole, ≥98% (HPLC)
Supelco
Propionic acid, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Propionic acid, ≥99.5%, FCC, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
Propionic acid, puriss. p.a., ≥99.5% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Propionic acid, natural, 99%, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
Propionic acid, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Propionic acid, BioReagent, suitable for insect cell culture, ~99%
Itraconazole, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Propionic acid, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
DL-Norleucine
Aminocaproic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Supelco
Aminocaproic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
USP
Aminocaproic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard